Abstract An implicit contact algorithm for the material point method (MPM) has been developed to simulate contact. This allows recently developed implicit MPM codes to simulate large-scale deformations and interaction with external bodies. The performance of the method has been investigated and compared to an existing explicit method using benchmark and geotechnical examples. In particular, the proposed formulation has been shown to conserve energy in a similar way to the explicit formulation and reach similar results. The method typically converges to the analytical solution when an adequate time step and mesh size are used, with the time step generally being around ten times larger than the explicit method, although during the contact phase this does not always result in faster computation due to the iterative solution procedure.

中文翻译：

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为材料点法开发一种隐式接触技术

摘要 已经开发了一种用于材料点法（MPM）的隐式接触算法来模拟接触。这允许最近开发的隐式 MPM 代码模拟大规模变形和与外部物体的相互作用。已经研究了该方法的性能，并使用基准和岩土工程示例与现有的显式方法进行了比较。特别是，所提出的公式已被证明以与显式公式类似的方式保存能量并达到类似的结果。当使用足够的时间步长和网格大小时，该方法通常会收敛到解析解，时间步长通常比显式方法大十倍左右，尽管在接触阶段这并不总是导致更快的计算，因为迭代求解过程。