Genetically engineered T-cell therapies have the adeptness to modernize and revolutionize the treatment of cancer. Cancer immunotherapy, by depending on this fundamental recognition method, supports the antitumor viability of T-cells and extends adaptive immunity by encouraging adoptive transfer of genetically engineered T-cells. T-cells assume a key part in cell-mediated immunity as well as to make strategies for genetically modify T-cells, counting chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy and T-cell receptor (TCR) T cell therapy. They have accomplished significant advances in the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Tumor cells can produce neoantigens that can possibly be immunogenic, as mutated proteins or proteins with reformed translational processing can be viewed as unfamiliar or foreign by immune system. Recognizable human tumor antigens have prompted a superior understanding the idea of tumor antigens, anti-tumor immune reactions in immunotherapeutic patients as well as tumor escape mechanisms. Furthermore, paucity of exceptionally and homogeneously expressed tumor antigens and intrinsic plasticity of neoplastic cells provide key challenges to specificity, effectiveness, and generally adequacy of genetically engineered T-cell therapies. Difficulties ranges from the determination of antigen targets and managing regulatory and safety issues to effectively explore routes to commercial advancement. In any case, the empowering clinical information, advancement in scientific understanding of tumor immunology along with improvements in manufacture of cell products are altogether propelling the clinical interpretation of modern cancer immunotherapies. In this review,

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当前在癌症免疫治疗方面取得的进展强调了基因工程 T 细胞靶向选定肿瘤抗原的实践

基因工程 T 细胞疗法具有使癌症治疗现代化和变革的能力。癌症免疫疗法依赖于这种基本的识别方法，支持 T 细胞的抗肿瘤活力，并通过鼓励基因工程 T 细胞的过继转移来扩展适应性免疫。T 细胞在细胞介导的免疫中扮演着关键角色，并为 T 细胞进行基因改造、计数嵌合抗原受体 (CAR) T 细胞疗法和 T 细胞受体 (TCR) T 细胞疗法制定策略。他们在肿瘤疾病的治疗方面取得了重大进展。肿瘤细胞可以产生可能具有免疫原性的新抗原，因为突变的蛋白质或具有重新翻译过程的蛋白质可以被免疫系统视为陌生或外来的。可识别的人类肿瘤抗原促使人们对肿瘤抗原、免疫治疗患者的抗肿瘤免疫反应以及肿瘤逃逸机制的概念有了更深入的了解。此外，异常和均一表达的肿瘤抗原的缺乏和肿瘤细胞的内在可塑性为基因工程 T 细胞疗法的特异性、有效性和一般充分性提供了关键挑战。困难包括确定抗原目标和管理监管和安全问题，以有效探索商业进步的途径。无论如何，增强临床信息、对肿瘤免疫学科学理解的进步以及细胞产品制造的改进共同推动了现代癌症免疫疗法的临床解释。