Current microprocessors include several knobs to modify the hardware behavior in order to improve performance, power, and energy under different workload demands. An impractical and time consuming offline profiling is needed to evaluate the design space to find the optimal knob configuration. Different knobs are typically configured in a decoupled manner to avoid the time-consuming offline profiling process. This can often lead to underperforming configurations and conflicting decisions that jeopardize system power-performance efficiency. Thus, a dynamic management of the different hardware knobs is necessary to find the knob configuration that maximizes system power-performance efficiency without the burden of offline profiling. In this article, we propose libPRISM, an infrastructure that enables the transparent management of multiple hardware knobs in order to adapt the system to the evolving demands of hardware resources in different workloads. libPRISM can minimize execution time, energy-delay product or power consumption by dynamically managing the SMT level, the data prefetcher, and the DVFS hardware knobs. Overall, the proposed solutions increase performance up to 130 percent (16.9 percent on average), reduce energy-delay product up to 80 percent, and reduce power consumption up to 33 percent depending on the target metric compared to the default knob configuration of the system.

中文翻译：

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硬件旋钮智能适配，提升性能和功耗

当前的微处理器包括多个旋钮来修改硬件行为，以便在不同的工作负载需求下提高性能、功率和能量。需要不切实际且耗时的离线分析来评估设计空间以找到最佳旋钮配置。不同的旋钮通常以解耦方式配置，以避免耗时的离线分析过程。这通常会导致性能不佳的配置和相互冲突的决策，从而危及系统电源性能效率。因此，需要对不同的硬件旋钮进行动态管理，以找到最大限度地提高系统功率性能效率而无需离线分析负担的旋钮配置。在本文中，我们提出了 libPRISM，一种基础架构，能够对多个硬件旋钮进行透明管理，以使系统适应不同工作负载中硬件资源不断变化的需求。libPRISM 可以通过动态管理 SMT 级别、数据预取器和 DVFS 硬件旋钮来最大限度地减少执行时间、能量延迟积或功耗。总体而言，与系统的默认旋钮配置相比，建议的解决方案将性能提高多达 130%（平均 16.9%），将能量延迟积降低多达 80%，并将功耗降低多达 33%，具体取决于目标指标. 数据预取器和 DVFS 硬件旋钮。总体而言，与系统的默认旋钮配置相比，建议的解决方案将性能提高多达 130%（平均 16.9%），将能量延迟积降低多达 80%，并将功耗降低多达 33%，具体取决于目标指标. 数据预取器和 DVFS 硬件旋钮。总体而言，与系统的默认旋钮配置相比，建议的解决方案将性能提高多达 130%（平均 16.9%），将能量延迟积降低多达 80%，并将功耗降低多达 33%，具体取决于目标指标.