The measurement of Human Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs) is an important topic in today's scenarios. Indeed, the even more pervasive diffusion of cellular networks (also with incoming 5G technology), as well as short-range and personal wireless devices, has increased interest in human exposure issues. Focusing the attention on cellular systems, although regulators and normative committees are conveying specific guidelines for the measurements of EMFs generated by second-generation (2G), third-generation (3G) and fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication systems, there are still several issues to be addressed regarding the most reliable measurement procedures and evaluation of the related measurement uncertainties. In particular, the high variability of voice and data traffic makes it very difficult to achieve reliable forecasting of human exposure to 3G and 4G systems in both narrowband and dosimetric measurements. Therefore, refinement of measurement methods and procedures, as well as data post-processing and averaging techniques, are still open issues that must be investigated in detail by the measurement and networking community.

中文翻译：

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关于人类接触蜂窝网络的测量


测量人体暴露于电磁场 (EMF) 的情况是当今场景中的一个重要主题。事实上，蜂窝网络（以及即将到来的 5G 技术）以及短距离和个人无线设备的更加普遍普及，增加了人们对人体接触问题的兴趣。将注意力集中在蜂窝系统上，尽管监管机构和规范委员会正在为第二代 (2G)、第三代 (3G) 和第四代 (4G) 移动通信系统产生的 EMF 测量提供具体指南，但仍然存在一些问题。关于最可靠的测量程序和相关测量不确定性的评估需要解决的几个问题。特别是，语音和数据流量的高度可变性使得在窄带和剂量测量中很难对人体暴露于 3G 和 4G 系统的情况进行可靠预测。因此，测量方法和程序的细化以及数据后处理和平均技术仍然是测量和网络社区必须详细研究的悬而未决的问题。