Community diversity metrics, interactions, and metabolic functions of bacteria associated with municipal solid waste landfills at different maturation stages,MicrobiologyOpen

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Community diversity metrics, interactions, and metabolic functions of bacteria associated with municipal solid waste landfills at different maturation stages
MicrobiologyOpen ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-12 , DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1118
Lerato Sekhohola-Dlamini ₁ , Ramganesh Selvarajan ₁ , Henry Joseph Odour Ogola _{1,

2} , Memory Tekere ₁

Affiliation

Municipal landfills are hot spots of dynamic bioprocesses facilitated by complex interactions of a multifaceted microbiome, whose functioning in municipal landfills at different maturing stages is poorly understood. This study determined bacterial community composition, interaction conetworks, metabolic functions, and controlling physicochemical properties in two landfills aged 14 and 36 years. High throughput sequencing revealed a similar distribution of bacterial diversity, evenness, and richness in the 14‐ and 36‐year‐old landfills in the 0–90 cm depth. At deeper layers (120–150 cm), the 14‐year‐old landfill had significantly greater bacterial diversity and richness indicating that it is a more active microcosm than the 36‐year‐old landfill, where phylum Epsilonbacteraeota was overwhelmingly dominant. The taxonomic and functional diversity in the 14‐year‐old landfill was further reflected by the abundant presence of indicator genera Pseudomonas,Lutispora,Hydrogenspora, and Sulfurimonas coupled with the presence of biomarker enzymes associated with carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) metabolism. Furthermore, canonical correspondence analysis revealed that bacteria in the 14‐year‐old landfill were positively correlated with high C, N, S, and phosphorus resulting in positive cooccurrence interactions. In the 36‐year‐old landfill, negative coexclusion interactions populated by members of N fixing Rhizobiales were dominant, with metabolic functions and biomarker enzymes predicting significant N fixation that, as indicated by interaction network, potentially inhibited ammonia‐intolerant bacteria. Overall, our findings show that diverse bacterial community in the 14‐year‐old landfill was dominated by copiotrophs associated with positive conetworks, whereas the 36‐year‐old landfill was dominated by lithotrophs linked to coexclusion interactions that greatly reduced bacterial diversity and richness.

中文翻译：

不同成熟阶段与城市固体废物填埋场相关的细菌群落多样性指标、相互作用和代谢功能

城市垃圾填埋场是由多方面微生物组的复杂相互作用促进的动态生物过程的热点，其在不同成熟阶段的城市垃圾填埋场中的功能知之甚少。本研究确定了两个年龄分别为 14 岁和 36 岁的垃圾填埋场的细菌群落组成、相互作用网络、代谢功能和控制物理化学特性。高通量测序揭示了 14 年和 36 年历史填埋场 0-90 厘米深度的细菌多样性、均匀度和丰富度分布相似。在更深层（120-150 厘米），14 年历史的垃圾填埋场具有显着更大的细菌多样性和丰富度，表明它是一个比 36 年历史的垃圾填埋场更活跃的缩影，其中Epsilonbacteraeota门占绝对优势。具有 14 年历史的垃圾填埋场的分类和功能多样性进一步反映在大量存在的指示菌属Pseudomonas、Lutispora、Hydrogenspora和Sulfurimonas以及与碳 (C)、氮 (N)、和硫 (S) 代谢。此外，典型对应分析表明，14 年垃圾填埋场中的细菌与高 C、N、S 和磷呈正相关，从而导致正的共现相互作用。在具有 36 年历史的垃圾填埋场中，由固氮根瘤菌成员组成的负共排斥相互作用占主导地位，代谢功能和生物标志酶预测显着的固氮作用，如相互作用网络所示，可能抑制氨不耐受细菌。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，14 年历史的垃圾填埋场中不同的细菌群落以与正共网络相关的富营养菌为主，而 36 年的垃圾填埋场则以与共排斥相互作用相关的岩石营养菌为主，这大大降低了细菌的多样性和丰富度。

更新日期：2021-01-21

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