Upwelling and internal waves are known to affect the physical and chemical characteristics of marine ecosystems, yet the processes and mechanisms by which internal waves influence phytoplankton biomass and community composition in upwelling regions are still unclear. In this study, a 72‐h time series of observations was conducted in an upwelling system in the northern South China Sea during the summer of 2014. The results showed that the intensity of upwelling was affected by internal waves, which caused nutrient fluctuations in the upper water column. The phytoplankton total chlorophyll a responded positively to the increase of nutrient concentrations, but only after a time lag of 12–16 h. This overall response was the net result of four different types of responses displayed by nine specific phytoplankton groups. All groups that displayed immediate positive responses continued to respond positively at least 12 h later, whereas all groups that responded negatively showed no time‐lagged responses. Based on the vertical distributions of the nine phytoplankton groups and their known physiological traits, we suggest that these different types of response were the net result of a rapid physical transport effect and a time‐lagged, physiological effect via bottom‐up control.

中文翻译：

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浮游植物群落对内部波浪动力上升流影响的响应

众所周知，上升流和内部波浪会影响海洋生态系统的物理和化学特征，但是内部波浪影响上升流区域浮游植物生物量和群落组成的过程和机制仍不清楚。在本研究中，2014年夏季，在南海北部的上升流系统中进行了72小时的时间序列观测。结果表明，上升流的强度受到内波的影响，这引起了海床中养分的波动。上水柱。浮游植物总叶绿素a对养分浓度的增加有积极的反应，但仅在12-16小时的时间间隔后才出现。总体反应是九个特定浮游植物群显示的四种不同类型反应的最终结果。表现出立即阳性反应的所有组至少在12小时后仍继续阳性，而所有反应阴性的组均未显示时间滞后反应。根据九个浮游植物群的垂直分布及其已知的生理特征，我们建议这些不同类型的响应是快速的物理转运效应和通过自下而上控制的时滞生理效应的最终结果。