Vegetation restoration has been recognized as an effective ecological measure to mitigate soil heavy metal contamination in open‐pit mining areas. However, little is known about the processes of accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in naturally restored soil–plant systems in these areas. In this study, soil and plant samples were collected from three natural restoration sites of different post‐mining ages (2, 7, and 15 years) to investigate the concentration, accumulation, and translocation of heavy metals in plant tissues (roots, stems, and leaves) of two different plant life forms (trees and shrubs). The results showed that heavy metals occurred at different concentrations in different tissues; and that site age significantly affected the concentration of metals, with higher concentration in older sites. Similarly, the accumulation of metals from soil to roots and the translocation from roots to stems were greater in older sites. We combined redundancy analysis, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis to determine the effect of environmental factors on accumulation and translocation. Results showed that plant life form took the largest weight for accumulation of Pb, Ni, Cd, and Cr, and for translocation of Ni, Cu, and Zn. Site age made the highest contribution to accumulation of As, and to translocation of Hg and Cd. The accumulation of Hg and translocation of Pb, As, and Cr were most affected by total phosphorus. Soil pH was the major contributor to accumulation of Cu and Zn. These findings could provide some reference for post‐mining soil remediation, particularly for gold mines.

中文翻译：

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矿区植被恢复对重金属积累和迁移的影响

植被恢复被认为是减轻露天矿区土壤重金属污染的有效生态措施。但是，对于这些地区自然恢复的土壤－植物系统中重金属的积累和迁移过程知之甚少。在这项研究中，从不同采后年龄（2、7和15岁）的三个自然恢复地点收集了土壤和植物样本，以研究植物组织（根，茎，和树叶）两种不同的植物生命形式（乔木和灌木）。结果表明，不同组织中重金属的含量不同。场地的年龄显着影响金属的浓度，而旧场地的浓度更高。相似地，在较旧的地点，土壤中金属从根部到根部的积累和从根部到茎的移位更大。我们结合了冗余分析，相关分析和多元回归分析，以确定环境因素对积累和易位的影响。结果表明，植物生命形态以Pb，Ni，Cd和Cr的积累以及Ni，Cu和Zn的转运最为重要。场地年龄对砷的积累以及汞和镉的易位起了最大的作用。总磷对汞的积累和铅，砷和铬的易位性影响最大。土壤pH是Cu和Zn积累的主要因素。这些发现可为采矿后的土壤修复，特别是金矿开采提供参考。