Hybrid rice significantly contributes to the food supply worldwide. Backbone parents play important roles in elite hybrid rice breeding systems. In this study, we performed pedigree-based analysis of the elite backbone parent rice variety, namely, Shuhui 527 (SH527, Oryza sativa), to exploit key genome regions during breeding. Twenty-four cultivars (including SH527, its six progenitors and 17 derived cultivars) were collected and analyzed with high-density single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. Scanning all these cultivars with genome-wide SNP data indicated the unique contributions of progenitors to the SH527 genome and identified the key genomic regions of SH527 conserved within all its derivatives. These findings were further supported by known rice yield-related genes or unknown QTLs identified by genome-wide association study. This study reveals several key regions for SH527 and provides insights into hybrid rice breeding.

杂交稻为世界粮食供应做出了重要贡献。骨干父母在优良杂交水稻育种系统中发挥重要作用。在这项研究中，我们对优良骨干亲本水稻品种Shuhui 527（SH527，Oryza sativa）进行了系谱分析），以便在育种过程中利用关键的基因组区域。收集了二十四个品种（包括SH527，其六个祖细胞和17个衍生品种），并用高密度单核苷酸多态性（SNP）阵列进行了分析。用全基因组SNP数据扫描所有这些品种，表明祖细胞对SH527基因组的独特贡献，并鉴定了SH527所有衍生物中保守的关键基因组区域。通过全基因组关联研究确定的已知水稻产量相关基因或未知QTL进一步支持了这些发现。这项研究揭示了SH527的几个关键区域，并为杂交水稻育种提供了见识。