Skeletal muscle accounts for about 40% of mammalian body weight, the development of which is a dynamic, complex and precisely regulated process that is critical for meat production. We here described the transcriptome expression profile in 21 goat samples collected at 7 growth stages from fetus to kid, including fetal 45 (F45), 65 (F65), 90 (F90), 120 (F120), and 135 (F135) days, and birth 1 (B1) day and 90 (B90) days kids. Paraffin sections combined with RNA-seq data of the 7 stages divided the transcriptomic functions of skeletal muscle into 4 states: before F90, F120, F135 and B1, and B90. And the dynamic expression of all 4 793 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was identified. Furthermore, DEGs were clustered by weighted gene correlation network analysis into 4 modules (turquoise, grey, blue and brown) that corresponded to these 4 states. Functional and pathway analysis indicated that the active genes in the stages before F90 (turquoise) were closely related to skeletal muscle proliferation. The DEGs in the F120-related module (grey) were found to participate in the regulation of skeletal muscle structure and skeletal muscle development by regulating tRNA. The brown module (F135 and B1) regulated fatty acid biological processes to maintain the normal development of muscle cells. The DEGs of B90 high correlation module (blue) were involved the strengthening and power of skeletal muscle through the regulation of actin filaments and tropomyosin. Our current data thus revealed the internal functional conversion of the goat skeletal muscle in the growth from fetus to kid. The results provided a theoretical basis for analyzing the involvement of mRNA in skeletal muscle development.

骨骼肌约占哺乳动物体重的40％，骨骼肌的发育是一个动态，复杂且精确调节的过程，对肉类生产至关重要。我们在这里描述了从胎儿到孩子的七个生长阶段收集的21个山羊样品的转录组表达谱，包括胎儿45天（F45），65天（F65），90天（F90），120天（F120）和135天（F135），以及出生1（B1）天和90（B90）天的孩子。石蜡切片与7个阶段的RNA-seq数据相结合，将骨骼肌的转录组功能分为4种状态：F90，F120，F135和B1以及B90之前。并鉴定了所有4 793个差异表达基因（DEG）的动态表达。此外，通过加权基因相关网络分析将DEG聚类为与这4种状态相对应的4个模块（绿松石，灰色，蓝色和棕色）。功能和途径分析表明，F90（绿松石）之前的阶段中的活性基因与骨骼肌增殖密切相关。发现与F120相关的模块（灰色）中的DEG通过调节tRNA参与了骨骼肌结构和骨骼肌发育的调节。棕色模块（F135和B1）调节脂肪酸的生物过程，以维持肌肉细胞的正常发育。B90高相关模块（蓝色）的DEG通过调节肌动蛋白丝和原肌球蛋白参与骨骼肌的增强和力量。因此，我们目前的数据揭示了山羊骨骼肌在从胎儿到小孩的生长过程中的内部功能转换。该结果为分析mRNA参与骨骼肌发育提供了理论基础。