This study presents a coupling formulation for the mechanical modelling of nonhomogeneous reinforced 3D structural systems. The coupling of dissimilar reinforced materials and components provides efficient designs. Particularly, it enables high stiffness and low weight mechanical components, which are largely desired in several engineering applications. In the present study, the Boundary Element Method (BEM) mechanically represents 3D solids through elastic and viscoelastic approaches. The 1D truss BEM elements represent the reinforcements, which allow for elastoplastic behaviour. The sub-region BEM technique models the nonhomogeneous systems whereas connection 1DBEM elements allow for crossing reinforcements along materials interfaces. Bond-slip behaviour has been accounted in the formulation by a nonlinear scheme without special link elements. Different bond-slip laws can be accounted, which enables the mechanical modelling of different adherence behaviours. The proposed formulations are applied in the mechanical analysis of four complex 3D applications. The results achieved by the proposed formulations are compared against the responses of equivalent numerical methods and experimental results available in the literature. The proposed formulations lead to accurate and stable results. Besides, the applications complexity demonstrates it.

这项研究提出了一种用于非均匀增强3D结构系统的机械建模的耦合公式。异种增强材料和组件的耦合提供了有效的设计。特别是，它可以实现高刚度和低重量的机械组件，这在一些工程应用中是非常需要的。在本研究中，边界元方法（BEM）通过弹性和粘弹性方法机械地表示3D实体。1D桁架BEM元素代表了钢筋，可以进行弹塑性行为。分区BEM技术对非均质系统进行建模，而连接1DBEM元素允许沿材料界面交叉加固。配方中的粘结滑移行为是通过没有特殊链接元素的非线性方案来解决的。可以考虑不同的粘结滑移定律，从而可以对不同的粘附行为进行机械建模。拟议的公式应用于四个复杂的3D应用程序的机械分析。通过拟议的配方实现的结果与等效数值方法的响应和文献中提供的实验结果进行了比较。所提出的配方可导致准确而稳定的结果。此外，应用程序的复杂性也证明了这一点。通过拟议的配方实现的结果与等效数值方法的响应和文献中提供的实验结果进行了比较。所提出的配方可导致准确而稳定的结果。此外，应用程序的复杂性也证明了这一点。通过拟议的配方获得的结果与等效数值方法的响应和文献中提供的实验结果进行了比较。所提出的配方可导致准确而稳定的结果。此外，应用程序的复杂性也证明了这一点。