Urbanization is one of the most intensive forms of landscape and habitat transformation, resulting in species loss, and taxonomic and functional homogenization of different communities. Whilst green infrastructure (the network of natural and semi-natural areas in cities) has been studied extensively in terms of specific features that promote biodiversity, there have been no studies that have assessed how species richness in different types of green space (GS) varies with increasing levels of urbanization in the surrounding matrix. We studied the effects of different types of GS and urbanization in the surrounding matrix on bird communities in the mid-sized city of Göttingen, Germany. We used the point-count method for bird observations in allotments and parks. To determine the level of urbanization, we calculated percentage of impervious surfaces around GSs. Increasing levels of urbanization around GSs had no effect on the species richness, functional traits or the community composition of birds. Nevertheless, we found that species richness and functional traits varied according to GS type. Parks had a greater species richness and were found to have more ground nesting and tropical migrant birds compared to allotments. We found more cavity nesting and resident birds in allotments. As different types of GS can contribute to the presence of different species and functional trait variations, their positive effect on bird species richness can be enhanced when they are present together in urban landscapes. Our findings suggest that green spaces with a high variety of local characteristics should be incorporated into urban planning designs in order to ensure diverse bird communities in cities.

城市化是景观和生境转变最密集的形式之一，导致物种流失以及不同社区的分类学和功能同质化。尽管已经根据促进生物多样性的具体特征对绿色基础设施（城市中的自然和半自然区域的网络）进行了广泛研究，但还没有研究评估不同类型的绿色空间（GS）中物种的丰富程度如何变化随着周围矩阵城市化水平的提高。我们研究了中型城市哥廷根中不同类型的GS和周围矩阵中的城市化对鸟类群落的影响。我们使用点数法在分配区和公园中观察鸟类。为了确定城市化水平，我们计算了GS周围不透水表面的百分比。GS周围城市化水平的提高对鸟类的物种丰富度，功能特征或群落组成没有影响。然而，我们发现物种丰富度和功能性状根据GS类型而变化。与分配相比，公园具有更大的物种丰富度，并且发现有更多的地面筑巢和热带迁徙鸟类。我们发现分配中有更多的巢穴和常驻鸟类。由于不同类型的GS可以导致不同物种的存在和功能性状变异，因此当它们一起存在于城市景观中时，它们对鸟类物种丰富性的积极作用可以得到增强。