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Large body size variation is associated with low communication success in tandem running ants
Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-11 , DOI: 10.1007/s00265-020-02941-x
Thomas Wagner , Lena Bachenberg , Simone M. Glaser , Avgousta Oikonomou , Melissa Linn , Christoph Grüter

Diversity in animal groups is often assumed to increase group performance. In insect colonies, genetic, behavioural and morphological variation among workers can improve colony functioning and resilience. However, it has been hypothesized that during communication processes, differences between workers, e.g. in body size, could also have negative effects. Tandem running is a common recruitment strategy in ants and allows a leader to guide a nestmate follower to resources. A substantial proportion of tandem runs fail because leader and follower lose contact. Using the ant Temnothorax nylanderi as a model system, we tested the hypothesis that tandem running success is impaired if leader and follower differ in size. Indeed, we found that the success rate of tandem pairs drops considerably as size variation increases: tandem runs were unsuccessful when the leader–follower size difference exceeded 10%, whereas ~ 80% of tandem runs were successful when ants differed less than 5% in body length. Possible explanations are that size differences are linked to differences in walking speed or sensory perception. Ants did not choose partners of similar size, but extranidal workers were larger than intranidal workers, which could reduce recruitment mistakes because it reduced the chance that very large and very small ants perform tandem runs together. Our results suggest that phenotypic differences between interacting workers can have negative effects on the efficiency of communication processes. Whether phenotypic variation has positive or negative effects is likely to depend on the task and the phenotypic trait that shows variation. Diversity is often assumed to increase colony performance in social insects. However, phenotypic differences among workers could also have negative effects, e.g. during communication. Tandem running is a common recruitment strategy in ants, but tandem runs often fail when ants lose contact. We used the ant Temnothorax nylanderi to test the hypothesis that body size differences between tandem leader and follower impair tandem communication. We show that the success rate of tandem pairs drops considerably as size variation increases, possibly because ants of varying size also differ in walking speed. Our study supports the hypothesis that phenotypic variation among workers might not always be beneficial and can negatively impact the efficiency of communication processes.

中文翻译:

大的体型变化与串联奔跑的蚂蚁的低沟通成功率有关

动物群体的多样性通常被认为可以提高群体表现。在昆虫群体中,工人之间的遗传、行为和形态变异可以提高群体的功能和恢复力。然而,有人假设在交流过程中,工人之间的差异(例如身体大小)也可能产生负面影响。串联奔跑是蚂蚁的常见招募策略,它允许领导者引导同窝追随者获取资源。由于领导者和追随者失去联系,因此很大一部分串联运行失败。使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 作为模型系统,我们测试了如果领导者和追随者的大小不同,则串联跑步成功会受到影响的假设。事实上,我们发现串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降:当领导者与追随者的体型差异超过 10% 时,串联运行是不成功的,而当蚂蚁的体长差异小于 5% 时,大约 80% 的串联运行是成功的。可能的解释是尺寸差异与步行速度或感官知觉的差异有关。蚂蚁不会选择体型相近的伙伴,但体内外的工蚁比体内的工蚁大,这可以减少招募错误,因为它减少了非常大和非常小的蚂蚁一起进行串联奔跑的机会。我们的结果表明,互动工作者之间的表型差异会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。表型变异是否具有正面或负面影响可能取决于任务和显示变异的表型特征。多样性通常被认为可以提高群居昆虫的群落表现。然而,工人之间的表型差异也可能产生负面影响,例如在交流过程中。双人跑是蚂蚁常见的招募策略,但当蚂蚁失去联系时,双人跑往往会失败。我们使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 来测试串联领导者和跟随者之间的体型差异会损害串联沟通的假设。我们表明,串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降,这可能是因为不同尺寸的蚂蚁在行走速度上也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。工人之间的表型差异也可能产生负面影响,例如在交流过程中。双人跑是蚂蚁常见的招募策略,但当蚂蚁失去联系时,双人跑往往会失败。我们使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 来测试串联领导者和跟随者之间的体型差异会损害串联交流的假设。我们表明,串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降,这可能是因为不同尺寸的蚂蚁在行走速度上也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。工人之间的表型差异也可能产生负面影响,例如在交流过程中。双人跑是蚂蚁常见的招募策略,但当蚂蚁失去联系时,双人跑往往会失败。我们使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 来测试串联领导者和跟随者之间的体型差异会损害串联交流的假设。我们表明,串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降,这可能是因为不同尺寸的蚂蚁在行走速度上也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。但是当蚂蚁失去联系时,串联运行通常会失败。我们使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 来测试串联领导者和跟随者之间的体型差异会损害串联交流的假设。我们表明,串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降,这可能是因为不同尺寸的蚂蚁在行走速度上也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。但是当蚂蚁失去联系时,串联运行通常会失败。我们使用蚂蚁 Temnothorax nylanderi 来测试串联领导者和跟随者之间的体型差异会损害串联交流的假设。我们表明,串联对的成功率随着尺寸变化的增加而显着下降,这可能是因为不同尺寸的蚂蚁在行走速度上也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。可能是因为大小不一的蚂蚁行走速度也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。可能是因为大小不一的蚂蚁行走速度也不同。我们的研究支持这样一种假设,即工人之间的表型变异可能并不总是有益的,并且会对沟通过程的效率产生负面影响。
更新日期:2020-12-11
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