We propose a highly versatile computational framework for the simulation of cellular blood flow focusing on extreme performance without compromising accuracy or complexity. The tool couples the lattice Boltzmann solver Palabos for the simulation of blood plasma, a novel finite-element method (FEM) solver for the resolution of deformable blood cells, and an immersed boundary method for the coupling of the two phases. The design of the tool supports hybrid CPU–GPU executions (fluid, fluid–solid interaction on CPUs, deformable bodies on GPUs), and is non-intrusive, as each of the three components can be replaced in a modular way. The FEM-based kernel for solid dynamics outperforms other FEM solvers and its performance is comparable to state-of-the-art mass–spring systems. We perform an exhaustive performance analysis on Piz Daint at the Swiss National Supercomputing Centre and provide case studies focused on platelet transport, implicitly validating the accuracy of our tool. The tests show that this versatile framework combines unprecedented accuracy with massive performance, rendering it suitable for upcoming exascale architectures.

我们提出了一种高度通用的计算框架，用于模拟细胞血流，重点关注极限性能，而不影响准确性或复杂性。该工具耦合了用于模拟血浆的晶格玻尔兹曼解算器 Palabos、用于解析可变形血细胞的新型有限元法 (FEM) 解算器以及用于耦合两相的浸没边界法。该工具的设计支持混合 CPU-GPU 执行（CPU 上的流体、流体-固体交互、GPU 上的变形体），并且是非侵入式的，因为三个组件中的每一个都可以以模块化方式替换。基于 FEM 的固体动力学内核优于其他 FEM 求解器，其性能可与最先进的质量弹簧系统相媲美。我们在瑞士国家超级计算中心对 Piz Daint 进行了详尽的性能分析，并提供了专注于血小板运输的案例研究，隐含地验证了我们工具的准确性。测试表明，这种多功能框架将前所未有的精度与强大的性能结合在一起，使其适合即将推出的百亿亿次架构。