Objective:

Prior studies have reported time perception impairment in children and adolescents with ADHD but the results were inconsistent.

Method:

The current meta-analysis reviews 27 empirical studies published in English after year 2000 that compared time perception competence among children and adolescents with and without ADHD.

Results:

Results from 1620 participants with ADHD and 1249 healthy controls showed significant timing deficits in ADHD. Children/adolescents with ADHD perceived time less accurately (Hedges’ g > 0.40), less precisely (Hedges’ g = 0.66) and had higher tendency to overestimate time than their healthy counterparts. Moderator analyses indicated that the discrepancy of time perception between groups was not affected by the type of timing tasks nor the modality of stimuli used in the tasks. Nonetheless, results were moderated by age and gender.

Conclusion:

These findings may update current understanding of the underlying neuropsychological deficits in ADHD and provide insight for future research in clinical assessments and treatments for ADHD.

中文翻译：

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多动症儿童和青少年的时间知觉缺陷：一项荟萃分析

客观的：

先前的研究报告了患有多动症的儿童和青少年的时间感知障碍，但结果并不一致。

方法：

目前的荟萃分析回顾了 2000 年后以英语发表的 27 项实证研究，这些研究比较了患有和不患有 ADHD 的儿童和青少年的时间感知能力。

结果：

来自 1620 名 ADHD 参与者和 1249 名健康对照者的结果显示 ADHD 存在明显的时间缺陷。患有 ADHD 的儿童/青少年对时间的感知不太准确（Hedges' g  > 0.40），不太准确（Hedges' g  = 0.66），并且比健康的同龄人更倾向于高估时间。调节器分析表明，组间时间感知的差异不受计时任务类型或任务中使用的刺激方式的影响。尽管如此，结果受到年龄和性别的影响。

结论：

这些发现可能会更新目前对 ADHD 潜在神经心理缺陷的理解，并为未来的 ADHD 临床评估和治疗研究提供见解。