Regarded as constitutively active enzymes, known to participate in many, diverse biological processes, the intracellular regulation bestowed on the CK1 family of serine/threonine protein kinases is critically important, yet poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the known CK1-dependent cellular functions and review the emerging roles of CK1-regulating proteins in these processes. We go on to discuss the advances, limitations and pitfalls that CK1 researchers encounter when attempting to define relationships between CK1 isoforms and their substrates, and the challenges associated with ascertaining the correct physiological CK1 isoform for the substrate of interest. With increasing interest in CK1 isoforms as therapeutic targets, methods of selectively inhibiting CK1 isoform-specific processes is warranted, yet challenging to achieve given their participation in such a vast plethora of signalling pathways. Here, we discuss how one might shut down CK1-specific processes, without impacting other aspects of CK1 biology.

中文翻译：

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丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶CK1家族的功能和调节：超越滥交

作为已知参与许多不同生物学过程的组成性活性酶，丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶CK1家族的细胞内调节至关重要，但知之甚少。在这里，我们提供了已知的依赖CK1的细胞功能的概述，并回顾了CK1调节蛋白在这些过程中的新兴作用。我们将继续讨论CK1研究人员在试图定义CK1亚型与其底物之间的关系时遇到的进步，局限和陷阱，以及与确定目标底物的正确生理CK1亚型相关的挑战。随着人们对CK1亚型作为治疗靶点的兴趣日益浓厚，有必要选择抑制CK1亚型特异性过程的方法，考虑到他们参与了如此众多的信号通路，要实现这一目标仍然具有挑战性。在这里，我们讨论了如何在不影响CK1生物学其他方面的情况下关闭CK1特异性过程。