K-complexes are a key marker of non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), specifically during stages II sleep. Recent evidence suggests the heart rate responses to a K-complexes may differ between men and women. The purpose of this study was to compare beat-to-beat blood pressure responses to K-complexes in men and women. We hypothesized that the pressor response following a spontaneous K-complex would be augmented in men compared to women. Ten men (Age: 23 ± 2 years, BMI: 28 ± 4 kg/m²) and ten women (Age: 23 ± 5 years, BMI: 25 ± 4 kg/m²) were equipped with overnight finger plethysmography and standard 10-lead polysomnography. Hemodynamic responses to a spontaneous K-complex during stable stage II sleep were quantified for 10 consecutive cardiac cycles, and measurements included systolic arterial pressure (SAP), diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), and heart rate. K-complex elicited greater pressor responses in men when blood pressures were expressed as SAP (cardiac cycle × sex: p = 0.007) and DAP (cardiac cycle × sex: p = 0.004). Heart rate trended to be different between men and women (cardiac cycle × sex: p = 0.078). These findings suggest a divergent pressor response between men and women following a spontaneous K-complex during normal stage II sleep. These findings could contribute to sex-specific differences in cardiovascular risk that exist between men and women.

中文翻译：

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II 期睡眠期间对自发 K 复合物的血压反应的性别差异

K 复合物是非快速眼动睡眠 (NREM) 的关键标志，特别是在第二阶段睡眠期间。最近的证据表明，男性和女性对 K 复合体的心率反应可能不同。本研究的目的是比较男性和女性的逐搏血压对 K 复合物的反应。我们假设与女性相比，男性自发 K 复合物后的升压反应会增强。十名男性（年龄：23​​ ± 2 岁，BMI：28 ± 4 kg/m ²）和十名女性（年龄：23​​ ± 5 岁，BMI：25 ± 4 kg/m ²) 配备了夜间手指体积描记术和标准 10 导联多导睡眠图。在稳定的 II 期睡眠期间，对自发 K 复合物的血流动力学反应进行了 10 个连续心动周期的量化，测量值包括收缩动脉压 (SAP)、舒张动脉压 (DAP) 和心率。当血压以 SAP（心脏周期 × 性别：p = 0.007）和 DAP（心脏周期 × 性别：p = 0.004）表示时，K-复合物在男性中引起更大的升压反应。男性和女性的心率趋于不同（心脏周期 × 性别：p = 0.078）。这些发现表明，在正常 II 期睡眠期间自发 K 复合物后，男性和女性之间存在不同的升压反应。这些发现可能导致男性和女性之间存在的心血管风险的性别差异。