Abstract Carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) cycles in the environment are strongly corelated. Phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSMs) can promote P release via enzyme and acid secretion. In this study, the influence of interactions between Enterobacter sp. (a representative PSM) and various C sources, i.e., natural (calcite), artificial (urea), and biological (carbonated hydroxylapatite, CHAp) on the release and transport of P was investigated. P transformation and microbial activity were monitored during incubation. The addition of calcite inhibited P release due to its higher ability to neutralize acids, inducing the transformation of tricalcium phosphate into stable hydroxylapatite. In addition, the sorption of microbial cells on calcite mineral prevented the bioweathering of phosphates. Meanwhile, the precipitation of Ca-P complexes on calcite was suppressed by the depletion of Ca2+ via the formation of gypsum. Urea was hydrolyzed to CO32− and NH4+ with assistance from Enterobacter sp. Appropriate urea application (0.25 mg/L) promotes microbial growth via nitrogen (N) supply. In addition, tricalcium phosphate dissolution and biological fixation of P were both enhanced. However, excessive urea (2 mg/L) negatively influenced microbial activity, which subsequently induced alkalinity and reduced the amount of available P. Carbonate incorporation does not always result in P release from CHAp, as it can create a weak alkaline environment due to CO32− hydrolysis. CHAp with carbonate incorporation ranged from 7 to 10 wt% and had the strongest ability to release P as it can ensure an ideal balance between crystallinity (positive) and CO32− hydrolysis (negative). This study elucidated the influences of various carbon sources on P release driven by microorganisms.

中文翻译：

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不同碳源对磷酸盐溶解、吸附和沉淀的微生物调控

摘要 环境中的碳（C）和磷（P）循环密切相关。溶磷微生物（PSMs）可以通过酶和酸的分泌促进磷的释放。在这项研究中，肠杆菌属之间相互作用的影响。（一种代表性的 PSM）和各种 C 源，即天然（方解石）、人工（尿素）和生物（碳酸羟基磷灰石，CHAp）对 P 释放和运输的影响。在培养期间监测磷转化和微生物活性。方解石的加入抑制了磷的释放，因为它具有更高的中和酸的能力，诱导磷酸三钙转化为稳定的羟基磷灰石。此外，微生物细胞对方解石矿物的吸附阻止了磷酸盐的生物风化。同时，Ca-P 复合物在方解石上的沉淀被石膏的形成所消耗的 Ca2+ 所抑制。在肠杆菌属的帮助下，尿素被水解为 CO32- 和 NH4+。适当的尿素应用 (0.25 毫克/升) 通过氮 (N) 供应促进微生物生长。此外，磷酸三钙的溶解和磷的生物固定均得到增强。然而，过量的尿素 (2 mg/L) 会对微生物活动产生负面影响，从而导致碱化并减少可用 P 的量。碳酸盐的掺入并不总是导致 CHAp 释放 P，因为它会因 CO32 产生弱碱性环境- 水解。碳酸盐掺入范围为 7 至 10 wt% 的 CHAp 释放 P 的能力最强，因为它可以确保结晶度（正）和 CO32-水解（负）之间的理想平衡。本研究阐明了各种碳源对微生物驱动的磷释放的影响。