The Sun provides a standard reference against which we compare the chemical abundances found anywhere else in the Universe. Nevertheless, there is not a unique ‘solar’ composition, since the chemical abundances found in the solar interior, the photosphere, the upper atmosphere, or the solar wind, are not exactly the same. The composition of the solar photosphere, usually preferred as a reference, changes with time due to diffusion, convection, and probably accretion. In addition, we do not know the solar photospheric abundances, inferred from the analysis of the solar spectrum using model atmospheres, with high accuracy, and uncertainties for many elements exceed 25%. This article gives an overview of the methods and pitfalls of spectroscopic analysis, and discusses the chemistry of the Sun in the context of the solar system.

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太阳表面的化学成分

太阳提供了一个标准参考，我们可以用它来比较宇宙中其他任何地方发现的化学丰度。然而，并不存在独特的“太阳”成分，因为在太阳内部、光球层、高层大气或太阳风中发现的化学丰度并不完全相同。通常首选作为参考的太阳光球的组成会因扩散、对流和可能的吸积而随时间变化。此外，我们不知道太阳光球丰度，使用模型大气分析太阳光谱推断出的精度高，许多元素的不确定性超过25%。本文概述了光谱分析的方法和陷阱，并讨论了太阳系背景下的太阳化学。