Timber–concrete composite (TCC) systems have been successfully used in built heritage. They provide an efficient solution for improving the seismic response of masonry buildings in which timber floors are generally used. TCCs commonly consist of a thin concrete slab connected to the timber beams by connectors. The paper focuses on a steel collar connector, appropriately conceived for surrounding the timber beam, avoiding any drilling into the wood. It is composed of parts bolted at appropriate wings, with the superior one or purposely welded studs working as connectors. A rubber layer interposed between the collar and beam can both reduce damage to the beam surface and ensure the adaptability of the system to irregular surfaces if applied to existing beams. Friction at the wood–(rubber)–steel surface is guaranteed by bolt tightening. This paper describes the experimental and numerical research activity carried out. Monotonic push-out tests were performed on different types of collars, which allowed the evaluation of the system behaviour and failure modes, with the aim of system optimisation. Bending tests on either timber–concrete beams or a full-scale floor equipped with collar connectors were also performed. An application of the TCC system with collar connectors to a historical timber floor is briefly described.

中文翻译：

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用带轴环连接器的木-混凝土复合系统加固古楼板

木材-混凝土复合材料 (TCC) 系统已成功应用于建筑遗产。它们为改善通常使用木地板的砖石建筑的地震响应提供了有效的解决方案。TCC 通常由通过连接器连接到木梁的薄混凝土板组成。这篇论文重点介绍了一个钢领连接器，它被适当地设计为围绕木梁，避免对木材进行任何钻孔。它由用螺栓固定在适当机翼上的零件组成，上面的一个或特意焊接的螺柱用作连接器。在轴环和梁之间插入橡胶层既可以减少对梁表面的损坏，又可以确保系统适用于现有梁的不规则表面。木材-（橡胶）-钢表面的摩擦是通过螺栓拧紧来保证的。本文描述了所进行的实验和数值研究活动。对不同类型的轴环进行了单调推出测试，从而可以评估系统行为和故障模式，以实现系统优化。还对木材-混凝土梁或配备有轴环连接件的全尺寸地板进行了弯曲试验。简要描述了带有轴环连接器的 TCC 系统在历史木地板上的应用。