In Portland cement concrete, a high content of cementitious materials can cause early cracking. This study investigated the effects of minimised paste volume in structural concrete made with Portland limestone cement and blended aggregates (BA). The effects of using different types of cement and paste volumes were compared. It was found that concrete made using type IL cement (containing 14% limestone powder) showed comparable performance to concrete made with type I/II cement. Based on the results of laboratory testing and numerical modelling, the performance of concretes with different paste volumes was evaluated. The results showed that the paste volume could be reduced by around 27% without affecting the properties of the concrete. Using the BS technique, the paste volume could be further reduced by 24%. Concrete mixes prepared using the BA technique were found to have better potential performance than the reference concrete. It was concluded that the use of type IL cement and BA can effectively reduce the initial cost and carbon dioxide emissions of structural concrete without loss of performance.

中文翻译：

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降低波特兰石灰石水泥混凝土浆体用量的影响

在波特兰水泥混凝土中，高含量的胶凝材料会导致早期开裂。本研究调查了在用波特兰石灰石水泥和混合骨料 (BA) 制成的结构混凝土中最小化膏体体积的影响。比较了使用不同类型的水泥和膏体体积的效果。发现使用 IL 型水泥（含 14% 石灰石粉）制成的混凝土表现出与使用 I/II 型水泥制成的混凝土相当的性能。基于实验室测试和数值模拟的结果，评估了不同浆体体积的混凝土的性能。结果表明，在不影响混凝土性能的情况下，糊料体积可减少约 27%。使用 BS 技术，锡膏体积可以进一步减少 24%。发现使用 BA 技术制备的混凝土混合物比参考混凝土具有更好的潜在性能。结果表明，使用IL型水泥和BA可以有效降低结构混凝土的初始成本和二氧化碳排放量，而不会损失性能。