Bugholes, considered an aesthetic problem, generally appear on concrete surfaces. Such surface imperfections may accelerate the ingression of liquids and chlorides. Chloride penetration is of crucial concern for reinforced concrete in a saline environment. Various surface penetrants have been widely used to protect concrete from environmental corrosion. However, most previous research on penetrants was conducted on concrete with minimal surface imperfections, such as bugholes or cracks. These surface blemishes bring worries about the protective effect of surface penetrants for concrete that may degrade. Surface finishing before coating increases construction costs and duration. This study focuses on the impact of surface bugholes on chloride penetration of concrete coated with surface penetrants. The surfaces of specimens have various sizes of bugholes. Specimens were immersed in a sodium chloride solution of 3% for 100 days. The test results show that silane-based penetrants have an excellent water-repellent effect even on a concrete surface with bugholes. The chloride penetration depth increased with increasing surface bughole size when the concrete surface was uncoated or coated with a low-water-repellent surface penetrant. For concrete surface treated with high-water-repellent surface penetrants, the influence of surface bugholes on chloride penetration was negligible.

中文翻译：

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表面虫洞对渗透剂涂层混凝土氯离子渗透的影响

被认为是美学问题的虫洞通常出现在混凝土表面上。这种表面缺陷可能会加速液体和氯化物的侵入。氯化物渗透对于含盐环境中的钢筋混凝土至关重要。各种表面渗透剂已广泛用于保护混凝土免受环境腐蚀。然而，大多数先前关于渗透剂的研究都是在具有最小表面缺陷的混凝土上进行的，例如虫洞或裂缝。这些表面瑕疵让人担心表面渗透剂对可能降解的混凝土的保护作用。涂层前的表面处理会增加施工成本和工期。本研究的重点是表面虫洞对涂有表面渗透剂的混凝土的氯离子渗透的影响。标本表面有大小不一的虫洞。将标本浸入 3% 的氯化钠溶液中 100 天。测试结果表明，硅烷类渗透剂即使在有虫洞的混凝土表面也具有出色的防水效果。当混凝土表面未涂覆或涂覆低防水表面渗透剂时，氯化物渗透深度随着表面虫洞尺寸的增加而增加。对于用高防水表面渗透剂处理的混凝土表面，表面虫洞对氯化物渗透的影响可以忽略不计。当混凝土表面未涂覆或涂覆低防水表面渗透剂时，氯化物渗透深度随着表面虫洞尺寸的增加而增加。对于用高防水表面渗透剂处理的混凝土表面，表面虫洞对氯化物渗透的影响可以忽略不计。当混凝土表面未涂覆或涂覆低防水表面渗透剂时，氯化物渗透深度随着表面虫洞尺寸的增加而增加。对于用高防水表面渗透剂处理的混凝土表面，表面虫洞对氯化物渗透的影响可以忽略不计。