We reexamine and critique the classical area control error concept used in automatic generation control, and propose a new error signal termed the area injection error. Unlike the ACE, the AIE uses direct measurement of generator power levels, yielding improved AGC performance in the presence of bias uncertainty and nonlinearity in generator turbine-governor responses. As a by-product of our analysis, we conclude that the effective frequency biasing found in a common textbook implementation of AGC is larger than intended, resulting in unintended interaction between control areas. Our theory is validated via simulations on a detailed two-area test system.

中文翻译：

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关于区域控制错误、区域注入错误和教科书自动生成控制

我们重新审视和批判了自动发电控制中使用的经典区域控制误差概念，并提出了一种新的误差信号，称为区域注入误差。与 ACE 不同，AIE 使用发电机功率水平的直接测量，在发电机涡轮调速器响应中存在偏差不确定性和非线性的情况下产生改进的 AGC 性能。作为我们分析的一个副产品，我们得出结论，在 AGC 的常见教科书实施中发现的有效频率偏置大于预期，导致控制区域之间意外交互。我们的理论通过在详细的两区域测试系统上的模拟得到验证。