Noninvasive brain/neural controlled robots are pro-mising tools to improve autonomy and quality of life in severe paralysis, but require biosignal recordings, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG), from various sites distributed over the user's head. This limits the applicability and practicality of noninvasive brain/neural robot control on an everyday basis. It would thus be very desirable to minimize the number of necessary recording sites paving the way for miniaturized, headset-like EEG/EOG systems that users with hemiplegia can mount by themselves. Here, we introduce a novel EEG/EOG brain/neural control strategy using only scalp electrodes placed near cortical sensorimotor areas. The strategy was tested across 16 healthy volunteers who engaged in an EEG/EOG brain/neural control task. Classification accuracies were compared using scalp electrodes only versus the conventional electrode placements across the scalp and face. To evaluate whether cranial muscle artifacts impede classification accuracy, participants were asked to clench their teeth during the task. We found that brain/neural classification accuracy was comparable and that clenching had no impact on classification accuracy across both conditions. Our results suggest that the proposed new strategy allows for reliable EEG/EOG-based brain/neural control, a critical prerequisite to broaden the use of noninvasive brain/neural assistive and rehabilitative technologies.

中文翻译：

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最小化无创混合脑/神经控制的生物信号记录位点

无创大脑/神经控制机器人是提高重度瘫痪患者自主性和生活质量的有前途的工具，但需要从分布在用户头部的各个部位进行生物信号记录，例如脑电图 (EEG) 和眼电图 (EOG)。这限制了无创大脑/神经机器人控制在日常生活中的适用性和实用性。因此，非常希望最大限度地减少必要的记录站点的数量，为偏瘫用户可以自行安装的小型化、类似耳机的 EEG/EOG 系统铺平道路。在这里，我们介绍了一种新的 EEG/EOG 大脑/神经控制策略，仅使用放置在皮质感觉运动区域附近的头皮电极。该策略在 16 名从事 EEG/EOG 大脑/神经控制任务的健康志愿者中进行了测试。仅使用头皮电极与跨头皮和面部的传统电极放置比较分类精度。为了评估颅肌伪影是否妨碍分类准确性，参与者被要求在任务期间咬紧牙关。我们发现大脑/神经分类的准确性是可比的，并且在这两种情况下，紧握对分类准确性没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，所提出的新策略允许可靠的基于 EEG/EOG 的大脑/神经控制，这是扩大无创大脑/神经辅助和康复技术使用的关键先决条件。参与者被要求在任务期间咬紧牙关。我们发现大脑/神经分类的准确性是可比的，并且在这两种情况下，紧握对分类准确性没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，所提出的新策略允许可靠的基于 EEG/EOG 的大脑/神经控制，这是扩大无创大脑/神经辅助和康复技术使用的关键先决条件。参与者被要求在任务期间咬紧牙关。我们发现大脑/神经分类的准确性是可比的，并且在这两种情况下，紧握对分类准确性没有影响。我们的研究结果表明，所提出的新策略允许可靠的基于 EEG/EOG 的大脑/神经控制，这是扩大无创大脑/神经辅助和康复技术使用的关键先决条件。