In the Internet of Things (IoT), various devices operate collaboratively in collecting data, relaying information to one another, and processing information intelligently. Due to interactions and dependencies between the IoT devices, the malfunction of one device may trigger a cascade of unexpected and often undesired state changes of other devices, introducing or accelerating catastrophic cascading failures. Understanding the causes of cascading failures and modeling their behavior and effects is crucial for guaranteeing the reliability of IoT systems and delivering the desired quality of service. This article systematically reviews cascading failures modeling and reliability analysis methodologies, as well as mitigation strategies for building the resilience of IoT systems against cascading failures. The review covers diverse IoT applications, from smart grids to smart homes, from sensor networks to IoT cloud computing, and from transportation networks to interdependent infrastructure networks. Opportunities and open research issues are also discussed in relation to restrictions of the current cascading failure models and methods, and potential new technologies and complexity of the constantly evolving IoT systems.

中文翻译：

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物联网中的级联故障：可靠性和弹性的回顾和展望


在物联网（IoT）中，各种设备协同运行，收集数据、相互转发信息以及智能处理信息。由于物联网设备之间的交互和依赖性，一个设备的故障可能会引发其他设备一系列意外且通常不期望的状态变化，从而引入或加速灾难性的级联故障。了解级联故障的原因并对其行为和影响进行建模对于保证物联网系统的可靠性和提供所需的服务质量至关重要。本文系统地回顾了级联故障建模和可靠性分析方法，以及构建物联网系统针对级联故障的弹性的缓解策略。该评论涵盖了各种物联网应用，从智能电网到智能家居，从传感器网络到物联网云计算，从交通网络到相互依赖的基础设施网络。还讨论了与当前级联故障模型和方法的限制以及不断发展的物联网系统的潜在新技术和复杂性有关的机会和开放研究问题。