Surface flashover of insulation systems is a basic issue in the field of high voltage and electrical insulation. To improve the surface flashover performance is of great significance for the development of advanced power transmission equipment and insulation materials. This study reviews the research progress of surface flashover in vacuum regarding to effective methods to improve the surface flashover performance in vacuum, including insulation system optimisation and material modification. The former one is beneficial to reduce the electric field distortion, and the later one is able to adjust the surface trap parameters of the material through physical and chemical methods. In addition, the ‘U-shaped’ curve is proposed to reveal the relationship between surface flashover voltage and surface trap level, discovering the synthetic effects of surface traps on surface flashover. It is expected that the ‘U-shaped’ curve will become a guidance to improve surface flashover performance through adjusting trap parameters. Moreover, several suggestions are made to build unified surface flashover model which is suitable to the range from high vacuum to high pressure.

中文翻译：

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改善真空中的表面闪络

绝缘系统的表面闪络是高压和电绝缘领域的基本问题。改善表面闪络性能对于开发先进的输电设备和绝缘材料具有重要意义。这项研究回顾了真空中表面闪络的研究进展，涉及有效的方法来改善真空中表面闪络的性能，包括绝缘系统优化和材料改性。前者有利于减少电场畸变，而后者能够通过物理和化学方法调节材料的表面陷阱参数。此外，提出了“ U形”曲线以揭示表面闪络电压与表面陷阱能级之间的关系，发现表面陷阱对表面闪络的综合影响。预计“ U形”曲线将成为通过调整陷阱参数来提高表面闪络性能的指导。此外，对于建立适用于从高真空到高压范围的统一表面闪络模型，提出了一些建议。