There is a policy-driven focus, at present, on improving the energy performance of buildings. However, energy-related issues alone do not capture the full impact of buildings on occupants and the wider environment. The performance of a building also includes occupant wellbeing and indoor environmental quality. Specifically, in schools, indoor environmental quality (thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics) is an important aspect. Additionally, the issue of the ‘performance gap’, generally focused on energy, also affects indoor environmental quality parameters and needs to be addressed holistically. This paper reports on a holistic building performance evaluation covering aspects of energy, thermal comfort, indoor air quality, lighting and acoustics. It assesses the performance issues and inter-relationships between energy and indoor environmental quality in a recently built school campus in London. Based on the evidence collated from this case study and supplementary literature, the endemic issues and constraints within the construction industry are explored, such as inappropriate design calculations and resistance to new low-carbon technologies. Further, lessons for improved performance in the design, operation and maintenance of schools are highlighted such as factoring in the changing building use trends during design and the significance of optimal operations and maintenance of building systems for better energy and indoor environmental quality performance. This study shows that if the building design focus primarily remains on energy, unintended consequence of indoor environmental quality underperformance may occur where there are conflicts between energy and indoor environmental quality objectives. An integrated approach to building performance can help address this issue. Practical application : There are often conflicts between energy efficiency and indoor environmental quality (IEQ) objectives in building design and operation. Most building performance evaluations are primarily focused on one set of these performance criteria. This building performance evaluation was done with an integrated energy and IEQ perspective. The study identifies the causes of underperformance in energy and IEQ in a recently built school in London. Some of the findings from this study provide lessons that are relevant across the industry for the delivery of low-carbon and healthy buildings. These lessons include methods to further strengthen the policy frameworks and design protocols along with overall improvements in the processes followed during design, construction and operation of schools and other non-domestic buildings. The paper can also inform building designers, contractors and facility managers about the ways to reduce the performance gap and achieve energy targets without unintended consequences for indoor environment.

中文翻译：

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建筑物性能评估：英国学校建筑物中的能量和室内环境质量之间的平衡

当前，有一个政策驱动的重点是改善建筑物的能源绩效。但是，仅与能源有关的问题并不能充分体现建筑物对居住者和更广泛环境的影响。建筑物的性能还包括居住者的健康状况和室内环境质量。具体而言，在学校中，室内环境质量（热舒适度，室内空气质量，照明和声学）是重要的方面。另外，“性能差距”的问题通常集中在能源上，也影响室内环境质量参数，需要整体解决。本文报告了一项全面的建筑性能评估，涵盖了能源，热舒适性，室内空气质量，照明和声学等方面。它评估了伦敦最近新建的校园中的性能问题以及能源与室内环境质量之间的相互关系。基于从该案例研究和补充文献中收集的证据，探讨了建筑行业中的地方性问题和制约因素，例如不合适的设计计算和对新的低碳技术的抵抗力。此外，重点介绍了用于提高学校设计，运营和维护性能的课程，例如考虑了设计过程中不断变化的建筑物使用趋势，以及优化运营和维护建筑系统以提高能源和室内环境质量的重要性。这项研究表明，如果建筑设计的重点主要仍然放在能源上，在能源与室内环境质量目标之间存在冲突的情况下，可能会发生室内环境质量不佳的意外结果。集成的性能构建方法可以帮助解决此问题。实际应用：在建筑设计和运营中，能源效率和室内环境质量（IEQ）目标之间经常存在冲突。大多数建筑性能评估主要集中于这些性能标准中的一组。这项建筑性能评估是从综合能源和IEQ角度进行的。该研究确定了伦敦最近新建的一所学校能源和IEQ表现不佳的原因。这项研究的一些发现提供了与整个行业有关的低碳健康建筑交付相关的经验教训。这些课程包括进一步加强政策框架和设计协议的方法，以及在学校和其他非住宅建筑的设计，建造和运营过程中所遵循流程的整体改进。本文还可以向建筑设计师，承包商和设施管理人员介绍如何减少性能差距并实现能源目标，而又不会对室内环境造成意想不到的后果。