Over the years, researchers have been conducting studies to investigate the water consumption profile in buildings; these studies have contributed to the accumulation of knowledge regarding the correct sizing of hydraulic systems in buildings. In the context of the methods for the characterization of system demand or loading values, the procedures commonly employed to obtain the project flow rate were primarily proposed in the mid-20th century. These models require revision and adaptation to the current water consumption values. In recent years, certain researchers have proposed simulation models with an application focus on water distribution systems owing to the random and temporal behavior of water demand in this system type. In this study, a water-demand stochastic simulation model in residential buildings is proposed, which encompasses the behavioral modelling of users and their interaction with the system to improve the design process of water distribution systems. Therefore, geographical and population factors (quantity, distribution, and organization) were considered for the behavioral modelling of users; regarding the system modelling, aspects related to the hydraulic system were considered, such as the relation between system components, the type of sanitary appliance, and the number of available devices. Different simulations—with several different types of showers—were conducted using the proposed model. Comparing the flows obtained from the simulation and from the Brazilian standard, for all system components, the decrease in the project flow rate varied from 4% to 61%. In terms of material consumption regarding the pipe (PVC), the decrease varied from 25% to 63%. Practical application: When assessing potential designs for components in water distribution systems in buildings robust information is required for water demand across different time scales. The use of simulation models represents an important advance for the dimensioning process of these components, since it is possible to know a wider range of information about the system demand possibilities. The use of this type of model, as discussed in this article, will equip the designer with an enhanced decision making capacity.

中文翻译：

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住宅用水需求的随机模拟模型

多年来，研究人员一直在进行研究以调查建筑物中的用水量。这些研究有助于积累有关建筑物液压系统正确尺寸的知识。在表征系统需求或负荷值的方法的背景下，通常在20世纪中叶提出了通常用于获得项目流量的程序。这些模型需要修订并适应当前的用水量值。近年来，由于这种系统类型的用水需求具有随机性和临时性，某些研究人员提出了以水分配系统为应用重点的仿真模型。在这项研究中，提出了住宅建筑用水需求随机模拟模型，其中包括用户的行为建模以及他们与系统的交互，以改善水分配系统的设计过程。因此，在用户行为模型中考虑了地理和人口因素（数量，分布和组织）。在系统建模方面，考虑了与液压系统有关的方面，例如系统组件之间的关系，卫生设备的类型以及可用设备的数量。使用建议的模型进行了不同的模拟，包括几种不同类型的淋浴。比较从仿真和巴西标准获得的流量，对于所有系统组件，项目流量的降低幅度从4％到61％不等。就管道（PVC）的材料消耗而言，下降幅度从25％到63％。实际应用：在评估建筑物中水分配系统组件的潜在设计时，需要不同时间范围内的需水量强大信息。仿真模型的使用代表了这些组件的尺寸确定过程的重要进步，因为有可能了解有关系统需求可能性的更多信息。如本文所述，使用这种类型的模型将使设计人员具有增强的决策能力。仿真模型的使用代表了这些组件的尺寸确定过程的重要进步，因为有可能了解有关系统需求可能性的更多信息。如本文所述，使用这种类型的模型将使设计人员具有增强的决策能力。仿真模型的使用代表了这些组件的尺寸确定过程的重要进步，因为有可能了解有关系统需求可能性的更多信息。如本文所述，使用这种类型的模型将使设计人员具有增强的决策能力。