Secure email is increasingly being touted as usable by novice users, with a push for adoption based on recent concerns about government surveillance. To determine whether secure email is ready for grassroots adoption, we employ a laboratory user study that recruits pairs of novice users to install and use several of the latest systems to exchange secure messages. We present both quantitative and qualitative results from 28 pairs of novices as they use Private WebMail (Pwm), Tutanota, and Virtru and 10 pairs of novices as they use Mailvelope. Participants report being more at ease with this type of study and better able to cope with mistakes since both participants are “on the same page.” We find that users prefer integrated solutions over depot-based solutions and that tutorials are important in helping first-time users. Finally, our results demonstrate that Pretty Good Privacy using manual key management is still unusable for novice users, with 9 of 10 participant pairs failing to complete the study.

中文翻译：

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使用配对参与者的四种安全电子邮件工具的可用性研究

安全电子邮件越来越多地被新用户吹捧为可用，基于最近对政府监控的担忧推动采用。为了确定安全电子邮件是否已为基层采用做好准备，我们采用了一项实验室用户研究，该研究招募了一对新手用户来安装和使用几个最新系统来交换安全消息。我们展示了 28 对使用 Private WebMail (Pwm)、Tutanota 和 Virtru 的新手以及 10 对使用 Mailvelope 的新手的定量和定性结果。参与者报告说对这种类型的研究更加自在，并且能够更好地应对错误，因为两个参与者“在同一页上”。我们发现用户更喜欢集成解决方案而不是基于仓库的解决方案，并且教程对于帮助初次使用的用户很重要。最后，