Background : Self-awareness has been recently receiving attention in computing systems for enriching autonomous software systems operating in dynamic environments. Objective : We aim to investigate the adoption of computational self-awareness concepts in autonomic software systems and motivate future research directions on self-awareness and related problems. Method : We conducted a systemic literature review to compile the studies related to the adoption of self-awareness in software engineering and explore how self-awareness is engineered and incorporated in software systems. From 865 studies, 74 studies have been selected as primary studies. We have analysed the studies from multiple perspectives, such as motivation, inspiration, and engineering approaches, among others. Results : Results have shown that self-awareness has been used to enable self-adaptation in systems that exhibit uncertain and dynamic behaviour. Though there have been recent attempts to define and engineer self-awareness in software engineering, there is no consensus on the definition of self-awareness. Also, the distinction between self-aware and self-adaptive systems has not been systematically treated. Conclusions : Our survey reveals that self-awareness for software systems is still a formative field and that there is growing attention to incorporate self-awareness for better reasoning about the adaptation decision in autonomic systems. Many pending issues and open problems outline possible research directions.

中文翻译：

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软件工程中的自我意识

背景：自我意识最近在计算系统中受到关注，以丰富在动态环境中运行的自主软件系统。客观的：我们的目标是研究在自主软件系统中采用计算自我意识概念，并激发未来关于自我意识和相关问题的研究方向。方法：我们进行了系统的文献回顾，以汇编与在软件工程中采用自我意识相关的研究，并探索如何在软件系统中设计和整合自我意识。从 865 项研究中，有 74 项研究被选为主要研究。我们从多个角度分析了这些研究，例如动机、灵感和工程方法等。结果：结果表明，自我意识已被用于在表现出不确定和动态行为的系统中实现自适应。尽管最近有人尝试在软件工程中定义和设计自我意识，但对自我意识的定义还没有达成共识。此外，还没有系统地处理自我意识和自适应系统之间的区别。结论：我们的调查表明，软件系统的自我意识仍然是一个形成性的领域，并且越来越多的人关注整合自我意识，以便更好地推理自主系统中的适应决策。许多悬而未决的问题和未解决的问题概述了可能的研究方向。