Self-adaptive software systems monitor their operation and adapt when their requirements fail due to unexpected phenomena in their environment. This article examines the case where the environment changes dynamically over time and the chosen adaptation has to take into account such changes. In control theory, this type of adaptation is known as Model Predictive Control and comes with a well-developed theory and myriad successful applications. The article focuses on modeling the dynamic relationship between requirements and possible adaptations. It then proposes a controller that exploits this relationship to optimize the satisfaction of requirements relative to a cost function. This is accomplished through a model-based framework for designing self-adaptive software systems that can guarantee a certain level of requirements satisfaction over time by dynamically composing adaptation strategies when necessary. The proposed framework is illustrated and evaluated through two simulated systems, namely, the Meeting-Scheduling exemplar and an E-Shop.

中文翻译：

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工程自适应软件系统

自适应软件系统监控它们的运行，并在其需求因环境中的意外现象而失败时进行调整。本文研究了环境随时间动态变化的情况，并且选择的适应必须考虑到这些变化。在控制理论中，这种类型的适应被称为模型预测控制，并带有成熟的理论和无数的成功应用。本文侧重于对需求和可能的适应之间的动态关系进行建模。然后，它提出了一个控制器，该控制器利用这种关系来优化相对于成本函数的需求满足。这是通过用于设计自适应软件系统的基于模型的框架来实现的，该系统可以通过在必要时动态组合适应策略来保证随着时间的推移一定程度的需求满足。所提出的框架通过两个模拟系统进行说明和评估，即会议安排示例和电子商店。