Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) involving camera and Scalar Sensor (SS) nodes provide precise information of events occurring in the monitored region by transmitting video packets. In WMSNs, it is necessary to provide coverage of events occurring in the monitored region for longer durations of time. The Camera Sensor (CS) nodes provide the coverage of an event and transmit the video data to the Base Station (BS), when these nodes are actuated by the associated SS nodes on occurring of an event. Therefore, in the existing pieces of work, distributed actuation focuses on the coverage of an event and prolongation of the lifetime of the CS nodes. However, for distributed actuation of the CS nodes, the SS nodes play a vital role. When the data sent by the associated SS nodes in an event area exceed the preconfigured threshold, the CS nodes start sensing the event and send the video data to the BS. Therefore, in addition to the lifetime of the CS nodes, the lifetime of the SS nodes and their data reporting latencies are important aspects for distributed actuation of the CS nodes, while sending both the video and scalar data to the BS. In this work, we propose a topology management-based distributed camera actuation scheme, named TADA, to prolong the lifetime of SS nodes, and decrease the data reporting latency in event area only. The increased lifetime of the SS nodes, in turn, increases the event coverage and packet delivery ratio. To increase the lifetime of the SS nodes in an event area, the SS nodes with the most residual energies are selected as the packet aggregators. In addition, the transmission range of these nodes is decreased, and in-network packet aggregation is performed, while reporting the happening of an event to the associated CS nodes. The aggregator selection mechanism helps in balancing energy consumption of the SS nodes. Similarly, the decrease in transmission range and aggregation mechanism help in decreasing energy consumption of these nodes. The transmission range of the SS nodes is decreased using social network analysis and Coalition Formation Game (CFG). CFG also helps in decreasing the data reporting latency of an event by the SS nodes to their associated CS nodes. Performance evaluation results show that the proposed scheme, TADA, which is based on the distributed topology management protocol named T-Must, achieves high performance in terms of the lifetime of the SS nodes, data reporting latency, coverage ratio of the event, event reporting credibility index, and packet delivery ratio in an environment affected by shadow fading.

中文翻译：

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无线多媒体传感器网络中基于拓扑管理的分布式摄像机驱动

涉及摄像机和标量传感器 (SS) 节点的无线多媒体传感器网络 (WMSN) 通过传输视频数据包来提供监控区域内发生的事件的精确信息。在 WMSN 中，有必要在更长的时间内提供对监测区域中发生的事件的覆盖。摄像机传感器 (CS) 节点提供事件的覆盖并将视频数据传输到基站 (BS)，当这些节点在事件发生时由相关联的 SS 节点启动时。因此，在现有的工作中，分布式驱动侧重于事件的覆盖和CS节点寿命的延长。然而，对于 CS 节点的分布式驱动，SS 节点起着至关重要的作用。当某个事件区的关联SS节点发送的数据超过预先配置的阈值时，CS节点开始感知事件并将视频数据发送到BS。因此，除了 CS 节点的生命周期之外，SS 节点的生命周期及其数据报告延迟是 CS 节点分布式驱动的重要方面，同时将视频和标量数据发送到 BS。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于拓扑管理的分布式相机驱动方案，名为 TADA，以延长 SS 节点的生命周期，并仅减少事件区域的数据报告延迟。SS节点寿命的增加反过来又增加了事件覆盖率和数据包传递率。为了增加事件区域中SS节点的寿命，选择具有最多剩余能量的SS节点作为分组聚合器。此外，这些节点的传输范围减小，进行网内分组聚合，同时向关联的CS节点报告事件的发生。聚合器选择机制有助于平衡 SS 节点的能量消耗。同样，传输范围和聚合机制的减小有助于降低这些节点的能耗。SS 节点的传输范围通过社交网络分析和联盟形成博弈 (CFG) 减小。CFG 还有助于减少 SS 节点向其关联的 CS 节点报告事件的数据延迟。性能评估结果表明，所提出的方案TADA基于分布式拓扑管理协议T-Must，在SS节点寿命、数据上报延迟、事件覆盖率、