In this review, traditional and novel techniques for producing micro- and nano- fibers are discussed and various nanofillers, their modifications and polypropylene (PP) functionalization routes are presented. Their influence on PP properties is discussed and new PP composite fiber applications are presented. This review reveals interesting conclusions, such as that in terms of mechanical reinforcement, there is no nano-filler that can improve tensile strength to the extent that it is improved by drawing. However, in some cases, composite drawn fibers are characterized by higher tensile strength than drawn neat PP. With some notable exceptions, the PP nanocomposites lack of “dramatic” properties improvement is mainly due to the non-polar nature of the hydrocarbon chain, which does not favor strong intermolecular interactions with most popular (mainly inorganic) nano-fillers. However, other properties such as electric conductivity, water contact angle and others can be effectively altered using various nanofillers in PP matrices.

在这篇综述中，讨论了用于生产微纤维和纳米纤维的传统和新颖技术，并提出了各种纳米填料，它们的改性和聚丙烯（PP）功能化途径。讨论了它们对PP性能的影响，并介绍了PP复合纤维的新应用。这篇综述揭示了有趣的结论，例如在机械增强方面，没有纳米填料可以将拉伸强度提高到通过拉丝改善的程度。但是，在某些情况下，复合拉伸纤维的特征在于其拉伸强度高于纯聚丙烯拉伸强度。除一些明显的例外外，PP纳米复合材料缺乏“戏剧性”的性能改善，主要是由于烃链的非极性性质，这不利于与大多数流行的（主要是无机的）纳米填料发生强烈的分子间相互作用。但是，可以使用PP基质中的各种纳米填料有效地更改其他属性，例如电导率，水接触角等。