Over the last decade, microneedle (MN) induced microporation multifunctional approaches to enhance the delivery of drugs through the skin. MN technology included micron-sized needles to create microchannels into the Stratum corneum of skin, the most significant protective layer. Delivery of drugs and vaccines through the transdermal route is an alternative route for hypodermic and oral. It overcomes the problems associated with gastrointestinal along with drug deterioration. It is affordable, noninvasive, painless, simple, and self-administered techniques that provide prolonged release of drugs to enhance patient compliance. The MN delivery focused on biopharmaceuticals like proteins or peptides. The novel concepts have drawn interest in using these techniques in tandem with other enhancement approaches. This review article discussed the latest advancements in MN technology. It emphasized types of MNs, methodology, mechanisms, strategies for delivery of several drugs and vaccines, and significant challenges in the marketing of biopharmaceuticals. Furthermore, relevant U.S. patents and clinical trials based on MNs are also accentuated. Therefore, MN techniques will play a pivotal role in promoting clinical applications and innovative research for scientists and researchers working in the pharmaceutical field.

中文翻译：

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微针技术：洞察药物和疫苗递送的最新进展和未来趋势

在过去的十年中，微针 (MN) 诱导微孔化多功能方法以增强药物通过皮肤的输送。MN 技术包括微米大小的针头，可在皮肤角质层（最重要的保护层）中创建微通道。通过经皮途径递送药物和疫苗是皮下注射和口服的替代途径。它克服了与胃肠道相关的问题以及药物变质。它是负担得起的、无创的、无痛的、简单的和自我给药的技术，可提供药物的延长释放以提高患者的依从性。MN 交付侧重于生物制药，如蛋白质或肽。新概念引起了人们对将这些技术与其他增强方法结合使用的兴趣。这篇评论文章讨论了 MN 技术的最新进展。它强调了 MN 的类型、方法、机制、几种药物和疫苗的交付策略，以及生物制药营销中的重大挑战。此外，基于MNs的相关美国专利和临床试验也得到了强调。因此，MN技术将在促进制药领域科学家和研究人员的临床应用和创新研究方面发挥关键作用。