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Security analysis and improvement of source independent quantum random number generators with imperfect devices
npj Quantum Information ( IF 6.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-10 , DOI: 10.1038/s41534-020-00331-9
Xing Lin , Shuang Wang , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Guan-Jie Fan-Yuan , Rong Wang , Wei Chen , De-Yong He , Zheng Zhou , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) as a genuine source of randomness is essential in many applications, such as number simulation and cryptography. Recently, a source-independent quantum random number generator (SI-QRNG), which can generate secure random numbers with untrusted sources, has been realized. However, the measurement loopholes of the trusted but imperfect devices used in SI-QRNGs have not yet been fully explored, which will cause security problems, especially in high-speed systems. Here, we point out and evaluate the security loopholes of practical imperfect measurement devices in SI-QRNGs. We also provide corresponding countermeasures to prevent these information leakages by recalculating the conditional minimum entropy and adding a monitor. Furthermore, by taking into account the finite-size effect, we show that the influence of the afterpulse can exceed that of the finite-size effect with the large number of sampled rounds. Our protocol is simple and effective, and it promotes the security of SI-QRNG in practice as well as the compatibility with high-speed measurement devices, thus paving the way for constructing ultrafast and security-certified commercial SI-QRNG systems.



中文翻译:

具有不完善装置的独立于源的量子随机数发生器的安全性分析和改进

量子随机数发生器(QRNG)作为真正的随机性源在许多应用中至关重要,例如数字仿真和密码学。近来,已经实现了一种与源无关的量子随机数发生器(SI-QRNG),该发生器可以生成不受信任的源的安全随机数。但是,尚未充分探索SI-QRNG中使用的受信任但不完善的设备的测量漏洞,这会引起安全问题,尤其是在高速系统中。在此,我们指出并评估了SI-QRNG中实际不完美测量设备的安全漏洞。我们还通过重新计算条件最小熵并添加监视器来提供相应的对策,以防止这些信息泄漏。此外,考虑到有限尺寸效应,我们表明,在大量采样回合中,后脉冲的影响可以超过有限大小效应的影响。我们的协议简单有效,它在实践中提高了SI-QRNG的安全性以及与高速测量设备的兼容性,从而为构建超快速且经过安全认证的商业SI-QRNG系统铺平了道路。

更新日期:2020-12-10
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