ABSTRACT

Mexico has an important number of cities recognized by the UNESCO as World Heritage Site. Many of them have highway and railway bridges with an important historical value product of the construction techniques and materials implemented in those days. In spite of their importance, very few efforts have been led to study the masonry historic bridges’ origin and pathologies that eventually would conduct to a failure condition. The main objectives of this work are to identify the dynamic properties of the masonry historic bridges, to characterize, in a second stage, bridges pathologies, to develop numerical models that allow the correct identification of the structural components of the bridges and subsequently to identify the damage mechanisms of this type of structures, and finally to evaluate the influence of the epicentral distance and seismic fault on the seismic vulnerability of the bridges. The study determines the dynamic properties of five existing historical bridges by conducting a campaign of ambient vibration tests. These results allowed to calibrate numerical models used to construct fragility curves and to determine the seismic vulnerability of the bridges.

摘要

墨西哥有许多城市被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。他们中的许多人都拥有高速公路和铁路桥梁，这些桥梁和价值是当时所采用的建筑技术和材料的重要历史价值。尽管它们很重要，但很少进行任何努力来研究砌体历史桥梁的起源和病理，最终将其导至破坏状态。这项工作的主要目的是识别历史性桥梁的动态特性，在第二阶段表征桥梁的病态，开发数值模型以允许正确识别桥梁的结构部件，并随后识别出桥梁结构。这种结构的破坏机理，最后评估震中距离和地震断层对桥梁地震易损性的影响。该研究通过开展环境振动测试来确定五座现有历史桥梁的动力特性。这些结果可以校准用于构造脆性曲线并确定桥梁地震易损性的数值模型。