We used the adaptive cycle as a heuristic to conceptualize the changes in ecosystem services between its phases (growth, conservation, collapse, and reorganization) for Chiloé Island (southern Chile), analyzed as a social-ecological system. We generated hypothetical relationships between services and phases based on literature articles, testing them with secondary databases for 1826– 2016 and interviews with local actors. Results show that the island is currently either in a late conservation phase or already in a collapse phase. Only provisioning ecosystem services corresponded with the proposed phases’ relationships, while regulation-maintenance and cultural services showed long-term decreasing trends. We discuss cross-scale interactions and political centralism as the main factors preventing a local adaptive scheme that may start a reorganization phase.

中文翻译：

---

适应性循环和生态系统服务：智利南部奇洛埃岛的社会生态分析

我们使用适应性循环作为启发，将奇洛埃岛（智利南部）的生态系统服务在其阶段（生长、保护、崩溃和重组）之间的变化概念化，并作为社会生态系统进行分析。我们根据文献文章生成了服务和阶段之间的假设关系，并使用 1826-2016 年的二级数据库进行了测试，并与当地参与者进行了访谈。结果表明，该岛目前要么处于保护后期，要么已经处于崩溃阶段。仅提供生态系统服务与拟议阶段的关系相对应，而监管维护和文化服务则呈长期下降趋势。