Improving grain protein content and flour quality is an important goal for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. Identification of genomic regions and markers associated with quality traits can help enrich wheat breeding germplasm with favorable alleles. This study was carried out to identify genetic loci controlling bread‐making quality traits in a nested association mapping population of 230 lines. Lines were evaluated for grain protein content and three gluten aggregation traits from the Brabender GlutoPeak instrument: peak maximum time (PMT), maximum torque (MT), and aggregation energy (AE). The strongest positive correlation was observed between AE and MT (r = .87), whereas the strongest negative correlation was between PMT and MT (r = −.46). We identified 25 quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with these traits on 14 chromosomes, of which three QTL were common between MT and AE. Quantitative trait loci explaining the largest variations were observed for grain protein content and AE, with QTL that explained 13% of the observed variation for each trait. Nearly 62% of the discovered QTL were of medium effect, as the median percentage of observed phenotypic variation explained by the detected QTL was 7% (range of 4–13%). Based on QTL analysis and marker screening results, the populations discussed in this study are segregating for the known alleles of the high‐molecular‐weight glutenin gene Glu‐D1. As some lines have better phenotypic performance relative to the elite common parent RB07, crossing these lines with elite breeding lines can help increase the frequency of alleles contributing to improve flour quality traits.

中文翻译：

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春小麦嵌套关联图群体的面粉品质和制面包性状的遗传特征

提高谷物蛋白质含量和面粉品质是小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）育种计划的重要目标。鉴定与品质性状相关的基因组区域和标记可以帮助丰富具有良好等位基因的小麦育种种质。这项研究的目的是在控制230个品系的巢式关联种群中识别控制面包制作质量性状的遗传基因座。使用Brabender GlutoPeak仪器评估品系的谷物蛋白质含量和三个面筋聚集性状：最大最大时间（PMT），最大扭矩（MT）和聚集能（AE）。AE和MT（之间观察到最强的正相关[R  = 0.87），而最强负相关性PMT和MT之间（ř = −.46）。我们在14条染色体上鉴定了与这些性状相关的25个数量性状基因座（QTL），其中3个QTL在MT和AE之间是常见的。观察到最大性状的数量性状基因座解释了谷物蛋白质含量和AE，其中QTL解释了每种性状的13％观察到的变异。由于发现的QTL解释的表型变异的中位数百分比为7％（范围为4–13％），因此将近62％的QTL具有中等效应。基于QTL分析和标记物筛选结果，本研究中讨论的人群正在分离高分子量谷蛋白基因Glu-D1的已知等位基因。由于某些品系相对于优良普通亲本RB07具有更好的表型表现，将这些品系与优良育种品系杂交可以帮助增加等位基因的频率，从而有助于改善面粉品质性状。