Children automatically abstract categorical regularities during statistical learning,Developmental Science

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Children automatically abstract categorical regularities during statistical learning
Developmental Science ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-08 , DOI: 10.1111/desc.13072
Yaelan Jung ₁ , Dirk B Walther ₁ , Amy S Finn ₁

Affiliation

Statistical learning allows us to discover myriad structures in our environment, which is saturated with information at many different levels—from items to categories. How do children learn different levels of information—about regularities that pertain to items and the categories they come from—and how does this differ from adults? Studies on category learning and memory have suggested that children may be more focused on items than adults. If this is also the case for statistical learning, children may not extract and learn the multi-level regularities that adults can. We report three experiments showing that children and adults extract both item- and category-level regularities in statistical learning. In Experiments 1 and 2, we show that both children and adults can learn structure at the item and category levels when they are measured independently. In Experiment 3, we show that both children and adults learn about categories even when exposure does not require this: both are able to generalize their learning from the item to the category level. Results indicate that statistical learning operates across multi-level structure in children and adults alike, enabling generalization of learning from specific items to exemplars from categories of those items that observers have never seen. Even though children may be more focused on items during other forms of learning, they learn about categories from item-level input during statistical learning.

中文翻译：

儿童在统计学习过程中自动抽象出分类规律

统计学习使我们能够发现环境中的无数结构，其中充满了许多不同级别的信息——从项目到类别。儿童如何学习不同层次的信息——关于与物品有关的规律及其来自的类别——这与成人有何不同？对类别学习和记忆的研究表明，儿童可能比成人更专注于物品。如果这也是统计学习的情况，儿童可能无法像成年人那样提取和学习多层次的规律。我们报告了三个实验，表明儿童和成人在统计学习中提取了项目级和类别级的规律。在实验 1 和 2 中，我们表明，当独立测量时，儿童和成人都可以在项目和类别级别学习结构。在实验 3 中，我们表明，即使暴露不需要这样做，儿童和成人都能学习类别：两者都能够将他们的学习从项目推广到类别级别。结果表明，统计学习在儿童和成人的多层次结构中运作，使从特定项目的学习概括为观察者从未见过的那些项目类别的范例。尽管儿童在其他形式的学习中可能更关注项目，但他们在统计学习期间从项目级别的输入中学习类别。两者都能够将他们的学习从项目推广到类别级别。结果表明，统计学习在儿童和成人的多层次结构中运作，使从特定项目的学习概括为观察者从未见过的那些项目类别的范例。尽管儿童在其他形式的学习中可能更关注项目，但他们在统计学习期间从项目级别的输入中学习类别。两者都能够将他们的学习从项目推广到类别级别。结果表明，统计学习在儿童和成人的多层次结构中运作，使从特定项目的学习概括为观察者从未见过的那些项目类别的范例。尽管儿童在其他形式的学习中可能更关注项目，但他们在统计学习期间从项目级别的输入中学习类别。

更新日期：2020-12-08

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