Non-immediate allergic drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR) to betalactams are attributed to T cell-dependent mechanisms, varying from mild/moderate reactions, such as maculopapular exanthema (MPE) or delayed urticaria, to more severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR)[1] . Patch tests (PT) and/or delayed-reading intradermal tests (IDT) have been proposed for in vivo diagnosis of this allergic phenotype, with the latter being generally reported as more sensitive. When skin tests are negative and there is no contraindication, a drug provocation test (DPT) may be performed, to confirm or rule out the DHR. However, a positive DPT alone does not allow any insight into the mechanism of the confirmed DHR. In a previous analysis of DPT to BL, we have shown that in most cases, the reaction is elicited within 48 hours after the drug administration.

中文翻译：

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延迟对β内酰胺类药物激发试验呈阳性，并伴有皮肤试验部位的突然反应

对β内酰胺类的非即时过敏性药物超敏反应 (DHR) 归因于 T 细胞依赖性机制，从轻度/中度反应，如斑丘疹 (MPE) 或迟发性荨麻疹，到更严重的皮肤不良反应 (SCAR) [1] ]。斑贴试验 (PT) 和/或延迟读取皮内试验 (IDT) 已被提议用于体内诊断这种过敏表型，后者通常被报告为更敏感。当皮试呈阴性且无禁忌症时，可进行药物激发试验 (DPT)，以确认或排除 DHR。但是，仅凭正面的 DPT 无法深入了解已确认的 DHR 的机制。在之前对 DPT 对 BL 的分析中，我们已经表明，在大多数情况下，该反应是在给药后 48 小时内引发的。