Antibacterial polyvinyl alcohol-formaldehyde (PVF) sponges containing quaternary ammonium salts (QA) with different alkyl chain lengths are obtained through the grafting reaction of QA onto the PVF network under alkaline conditions. The grafting percentages of obtained PVF-g-QA sponges are in the range of 1.1–1.6%. As-prepared PVF-g-QA sponges show average pore sizes ranging from 60 μm to 90 μm with high porosity and interconnected pore structure. PVF-g-QA sponges with different alkyl chain lengths display the absorption capacity (Q_s) of 13.3–14.2 g·g⁻¹ in deionized water, 13.9–14.8 g·g⁻¹ in saline solution, and 13.9–14.8 g·g⁻¹ in artificial blood and can attain absorption equilibrium within 1 min. Notably, the PVF-g-QA sponges demonstrate excellent antibacterial effects on both S. aureus and E. coli bacteria strains. With high initial inoculum concentration (1 × 10⁸ CFU/mL), with increasing the alkyl chain length of QA, the antibacterial activities of PVF-g-QA sponges against E. coli increase from 20.47% to 99.98% firstly and then decrease to 92.91%, the antibacterial activities against S. aureus increase from 16.67% to 99.96% and then decrease to 93.21%. None of the samples have cytotoxicity for cells. The as-prepared PVF-g-QA sponges with remarkable absorption capacity and excellent antibacterial performance can be considered as a new kind of antibacterial functional material.

通过在碱性条件下将QA接枝到PVF网络上，可以得到含有不同烷基链长度的季铵盐（QA）的抗菌聚乙烯醇-甲醛（PVF）海绵。获得的PVF-g-QA海绵的接枝百分比在1.1-1.6％的范围内。制备的PVF-g-QA海绵的平均孔径在60μm至90μm之间，具有高孔隙率和相互连接的孔结构。烷基链长度不同的PVF-g-QA海绵在去离子水中的吸收容量（Q _s）为13.3–14.2 g·g ^-1，在盐溶液中的吸收容量（Q _s）为13.9–14.8 g·g ^-1，在13.9–14.8 g· g ^-1在人造血液中可以在1分钟内达到吸收平衡。值得注意的是，PVF-g-QA海绵对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌均表现出出色的抗菌作用。在初始接种物浓度高（1×10 ⁸  CFU / mL）时，随着QA烷基链长度的增加，PVF-g-QA海绵对大肠杆菌的抗菌活性先从20.47％增至99.98％，然后下降至92.91％，对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性从16.67％增至99.96％，然后降至93.21％。没有样品对细胞具有细胞毒性。如此制备的具有显着吸收能力和优异抗菌性能的PVF-g-QA海绵被认为是一种新型的抗菌功能材料。