Developmental neurite pruning is a process by which neurons selectively eliminate unnecessary processes of axons and/or dendrites without cell death, which shapes the mature wiring of nervous systems. In this sense, developmental neurite pruning requires spatiotemporally precise control of local degradation of cellular components including cytoskeletons and membranes. The Drosophila nervous system undergoes large-scale remodeling, including axon/dendrite pruning, during metamorphosis. In addition to this unique phenomenon in the nervous system, powerful genetic tools make the Drosophila nervous system a sophisticated model to investigate spatiotemporal regulation of neural remodeling. This article reviews recent advances to our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of developmental axon/dendrite pruning, mainly focusing on studies in Drosophila sensory neurons and mushroom body neurons.

发育性神经突修剪是神经元选择性地消除不必要的轴突和/或树突过程而没有细胞死亡的过程，这塑造了神经系统的成熟布线。从这个意义上说，发育性神经突修剪需要对细胞成分（包括细胞骨架和细胞膜）的局部降解进行时空精确控制。在果蝇神经系统进行大规模的改造，包括轴突/树突修剪，在变态。除了神经系统中的这种独特现象外，强大的遗传工具使果蝇神经系统 一个复杂的模型，用于研究神经重构的时空调节。本文回顾了我们对发育轴突/树突修剪的分子和细胞机制的理解的最新进展，主要侧重于对果蝇感觉神经元和蘑菇体神经元的研究。