Abstract Emergence of the multidrug resistant human pathogenic strains is posing a serious health challenge. Resistant strains carry mutations which help them to resist conventional drugs. Therefore, it is required to produce more effective agents that are able to degrade the resistant pathogenic bacterial strains. The antimicrobial properties of nanoparticles (NPs) by eco-friendly green synthetic methods have pulled attention everywhere owing to their exceptional properties and small particle size of 100 nm. NPs are considered to belong to a group of antimicrobial agents which have ability to go inside microbial cells and kill them. In this comprehensive review, we are discussing the green synthetic methods used for the synthesis of NPs targeting the microbes. Additionally, several characterization techniques of antimicrobial NPs are also discussed. Subsequently, various methods used for the analysis of antimicrobial activities and their mechanisms are also examined.

中文翻译：

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洞察绿色合成抗菌纳米粒子的合成及机理，应对多重耐药性

摘要 多重耐药的人类致病菌株的出现对健康构成了严重的挑战。耐药菌株携带有助于它们抵抗常规药物的突变。因此，需要生产能够降解耐药病原菌株的更有效的药剂。通过环保的绿色合成方法获得的纳米颗粒 (NPs) 的抗菌性能因其卓越的性能和 100 nm 的小粒径而备受关注。NPs 被认为属于一组能够进入微生物细胞并杀死它们的抗菌剂。在这篇综合评论中，我们讨论了用于合成靶向微生物的 NPs 的绿色合成方法。此外，还讨论了抗菌 NPs 的几种表征技术。随后，还研究了用于分析抗菌活性及其机制的各种方法。