Abstract The use of animals in rodeo performances exemplifies the debate of trained performance vs. coerced abuse in human-animal interactions, particularly for roughstock or bucking events. The debate suffers from a lack of scientific evaluation to represent the animals’ experience and to inform discourse. The current study evaluated 116 horses over 3 yrs at the same rodeo in the Bareback, Novice Bareback, Saddle Bronc, and Novice Saddle Bronc events. Behaviour of humans and horses were continuously recorded during active loading and while horses were held in chutes prior to performance. Behaviours displayed were combined into composite scores for horses and handlers with increasing scores reflecting increasing behavioural vigor, suggested to be related to escape/fear in horses. Overall, 71.5% of horses balked during loading, of which 36.8% balked more than once. During loading 83% of balking events had a human located in front of the line of movement and the odds of a horse balking increased with increasing number of handlers (P = 0.04). For every exposure to the rodeo below the median of 3 performances, the odds of balking during loading increased by 1.1 (95%CI: 1.1-1.3; P = 0.04), odds of higher animal loading behaviour scores increased by 1.1 (95%CI: 1.1-1.3; P = 0.06), and odds of higher animal behaviour scores while being held in the chute increased by 1.2 (95%CI: 1.1-1.3; P

中文翻译：

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动物的经验和圈地程序对加拿大大型商业圈地中斗马行为的影响

摘要 在牛仔竞技表演中使用动物体现了在人与动物互动中训练表演与强迫虐待的争论，特别是在粗暴或反抗活动中。辩论缺乏科学评估来代表动物的经验并为讨论提供信息。目前的研究评估了 3 年间在同一个牛仔竞技比赛中的 116 匹马，这些马匹在无鞍、新手无鞍、马鞍野马和新手马鞍野马比赛中进行。人类和马匹的行为在主动装载期间和马匹在表演之前被保持在滑槽中时被连续记录。显示的行为被组合成马和处理者的综合分数，分数增加反映行为活力的增加，建议与马的逃避/恐惧有关。总体而言，71.5% 的马匹在装载过程中犹豫不决，其中 36 匹。8% 的人不止一次犹豫。在加载期间，83% 的阻挠事件都有人位于运动线的前面，并且马阻挠的几率随着处理者数量的增加而增加（P = 0.04）。对于每一次低于 3 次表演中位数的牛仔竞技表演，在负重期间退缩的几率增加 1.1（95%CI：1.1-1.3；P = 0.04），较高的动物负重行为得分的几率增加 1.1（95%CI） : 1.1-1.3; P = 0.06)，并且动物在滑槽中的行为得分较高的几率增加了 1.2 (95% CI: 1.1-1.3; P