Abstract In the Indian subcontinent, lentil (Lens culinaries Medik) is cultivated mainly on carry-over residual soil water and nutrients in rainfed rice (Oryza sativa L.), coincided with increasing temperatures during the reproductive period, thus limiting seed yield. We examined the effect of rice establishment method (REM) viz. direct-seeded rice (DSR) and puddled-transplanted rice (PTR), tillage viz. zero tillage (ZT) and conventional tillage (CT), and nutrient management viz. improved package of practices (IP) including basal (20:40:20::N:P2O5:K2O) and foliar fertilization (2% urea, 0.5% Zn and 0.25% B) and farmers’ practice (FP) with no fertilization on the performance of cool-season lentil concerning soil water retention, crop water stress affecting actual evapotranspiration (ETa), yield and water productivity (WP) on an Aeric Haplaquept, clay loam soil in rainfed rice-fallows of Lower Gangetic Plain (LGP) of India during 2014–15 and 2015–16 cropping seasons. Among the treatments, PTR–ZT had significantly higher profile water storage i.e. 158.84, 141.74, 129.28, and 104.84 mm at sowing, vegetative, flowering, and pod formation periods, respectively. However, at the time of initiation of flowering DSR–CT achieved 0.8 MPa tension as compared to 0.3, 0.2, and 0.1 MPa for PTR–CT, DSR–ZT, and PTR–ZT. Bulk density was increased exponentially with the time that reduced root penetration except for PTR–ZT which maintained the lowest bulk density of 1.43 Mg m−3 at the reproductive stage with minimum soil water stress coefficients (Ks). Treatment combinations of PTR–ZT–IP produced the highest ETa (80 mm) with maximum seed yield (1281 kg ha−1) and WP (1.62 kg m−3), and also exhibited the lowest yield response factor (Ky = 0.87) of lentil which made the plant tolerate to water stress and enhanced the productivity even above the national average. An average of 1% relative yield loss per 1% decline in relative ET suggests the suitability of growing of lentil crop in this post-rice residual water regimes of LGP.

中文翻译：

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印度恒河下游平原不同稻谷种植小扁豆的产水关系

摘要 在印度次大陆，小扁豆（Lens culinaries Medik）主要依靠雨育水稻（Oryza sativa L.）中残留的土壤水分和养分种植，同时生殖期温度升高，从而限制了种子产量。我们检查了水稻建立方法 (REM) 即的效果。直播水稻（DSR）和水坑移植水稻（PTR），耕作即。零耕（ZT）和常规耕作（CT），以及养分管理，即。改进的实践包 (IP) 包括基肥 (20:40:20::N:P2O5:K2O) 和叶面施肥（2% 尿素、0.5% 锌和 0.25% B）以及农民不施肥的实践 (FP)冷季扁豆在土壤保水性、作物水分胁迫对有氧 Haplaquept 的实际蒸散量 (ETa)、产量和水分生产率 (WP) 的影响方面的表现，2014-15 和 2015-16 种植季节期间印度下恒河平原 (LGP) 雨养稻谷中的粘壤土。在这些处理中，PTR-ZT 在播种期、营养期、开花期和豆荚形成期具有显着更高的剖面蓄水量，即分别为 158.84、141.74、129.28 和 104.84 mm。然而，在开花开始时，DSR-CT 达到 0.8 MPa 的张力，而 PTR-CT、DSR-ZT 和 PTR-ZT 的张力为 0.3、0.2 和 0.1 MPa。除了 PTR-ZT 在生殖阶段保持最低的 1.43 Mg m-3 的体积密度和最小的土壤水分胁迫系数 (Ks) 外，体积密度随着根部渗透率降低的时间呈指数增加。PTR-ZT-IP 的处理组合产生最高的 ETa (80 mm)，最大种子产量 (1281 kg ha-1) 和 WP (1.62 kg m-3)，并且还表现出扁豆的最低产量响应因子（Ky = 0.87），这使植物能够耐受水分胁迫，提高生产力甚至高于全国平均水平。相对 ET 每下降 1%，平均 1% 的相对产量损失表明小扁豆作物适合在这种 LGP 的水稻后残留水分状况下生长。