Many studies have been devoted to the passage of bees during the winter period, which indicate that this state of the bee family is yet to be understood. However, the most critical period for bees is late winter and spring. At this time, there are large temperature fluctuations in the air, and from time to time, bees are forced to switch from a passive state to an active state and vice versa. This phenomenon has mostly been observed in beekeeping apiaries in the North Caucasus regions. In the spring, positive high air temperatures provoke bees to leave the hive, and not all bees return to the hive at the end of the day. Low temperatures may lead to aggregation of bees in inconvenient places where there is neither food nor direct access to the honey reserves. This study focuses on bee behavior under these natural conditions. The main physical effects were simulated using Comsol® software. The components associated with transient processes were added to the previously developed models, which include the heat capacity of the beehive elements. The models also addressed the change in the volume of winter aggregation of bees depending on the ambient temperature. Our results suggest that the heat capacity of honey reserves has a significant effect on the temperature regime inside the hive, thus mitigating the temperature fluctuations in the spring. This is an important factor in the health of honey bees.

中文翻译：

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室外温度日变化大的蜂箱中蜜蜂春季聚集的模拟

许多研究致力于蜜蜂在冬季期间的迁徙，这表明蜜蜂家族的这种状态尚待了解。然而，蜜蜂最关键的时期是冬末和春季。此时空气中温度波动较大，蜜蜂时不时被迫从被动状态切换到主动状态，反之亦然。这种现象主要在北高加索地区的养蜂场中观察到。在春天，正的高温会促使蜜蜂离开蜂巢，并不是所有的蜜蜂都会在一天结束时返回蜂巢。低温可能导致蜜蜂聚集在既没有食物也没有直接进入蜂蜜储备的不方便的地方。本研究侧重于这些自然条件下的蜜蜂行为。主要物理效应使用 Comsol® 软件进行模拟。与瞬态过程相关的组件被添加到先前开发的模型中，其中包括蜂箱元件的热容量。这些模型还解决了蜜蜂冬季聚集量随环境温度变化的问题。我们的结果表明，蜂蜜储备的热容量对蜂巢内的温度状况有显着影响，从而减轻春季的温度波动。这是蜜蜂健康的一个重要因素。这些模型还解决了蜜蜂冬季聚集量随环境温度变化的问题。我们的结果表明，蜂蜜储备的热容量对蜂巢内的温度状况有显着影响，从而减轻春季的温度波动。这是蜜蜂健康的一个重要因素。这些模型还解决了蜜蜂冬季聚集量随环境温度变化的问题。我们的结果表明，蜂蜜储备的热容量对蜂巢内的温度状况有显着影响，从而减轻春季的温度波动。这是蜜蜂健康的一个重要因素。