The Fly’s Eye GLM Simulator (FEGS) is a multi-spectral array of radiometers designed to provide a validation dataset for the geostationary lightning mapper (GLM). The main component of FEGS is a 5 × 5 grid of radiometers, each with a square 18 deg field of view, that are sensitive to a 10-nm wide spectral band centered on 780 nm to observe a neutral atomic oxygen emission triplet at 777.4 nm. FEGS was flown as a primary payload on the high-altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft as part of the GOES-R validation flight campaign in the spring of 2017. More than 14,000 lightning flashes were recorded over a variety of thunderstorm phenomenologies and geographical regions in the continental United States and Atlantic Ocean. Following the application of a quality control process, a subset of 9160 of these flashes occurring during daylight hours was suitable for analysis. This analysis has provided an independent, lower bound estimate of the average daytime optical flash detection efficiency (FDE) of GLM at 64%. The FDE varied significantly between storms and location ranging between 44% and 88%. An upper estimate of the time-integrated cloud-top radiance detection threshold of GLM during daytime observations is calculated to be 9 μJ / m2 sr nm. Dependencies of GLM performance on the temporal width, energy, and cloud-top area of optical pulses, and the background solar radiance conditions are presented and discussed.

中文翻译：

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使用Fly's Eye GLM模拟器对地球静止闪电测绘仪进行机载辐射验证

蝇眼GLM模拟器（FEGS）是辐射计的多光谱阵列，旨在为对地静止闪电测绘仪（GLM）提供验证数据集。FEGS的主要组成部分是5×5的辐射计网格，每个辐射计具有18度的方形视场，它们对以780 nm为中心的10 nm宽光谱带敏感，从而观察到777.4 nm处的中性原子氧发射三重态。FEGS作为高空NASA ER-2飞机的主要有效载荷进行了飞行，这是2017年春季进行的GOES-R验证飞行活动的一部分。据记录，雷暴现象和地理区域的闪电超过14,000次美国大陆和大西洋。在应用质量控制流程之后，在白天，发生这些闪光的9160个子集适合进行分析。该分析提供了GLM在64％的平均白天光学闪光检测效率（FDE）的独立下界估计。FDE在风暴和位置之间的差异很大，介于44％和88％之间。在白天观测期间，GLM的时间积分云顶辐射探测阈值的上限估计为9μJ/ m2 sr nm。提出并讨论了GLM性能对光脉冲的时间宽度，能量和云顶面积以及背景太阳辐射条件的依赖性。FDE在风暴和位置之间的差异很大，介于44％和88％之间。在白天观测期间，GLM的时间积分云顶辐射探测阈值的上限估计为9μJ/ m2 sr nm。提出并讨论了GLM性能对光脉冲的时间宽度，能量和云顶面积以及背景太阳辐射条件的依赖性。FDE在风暴和位置之间的差异很大，介于44％和88％之间。在白天观测期间，GLM的时间积分云顶辐射探测阈值的上限估计为9μJ/ m2 sr nm。提出并讨论了GLM性能对光脉冲的时间宽度，能量和云顶面积以及背景太阳辐射条件的依赖性。