Proven to have superior mechanical and thermal properties, graphene has the potential to enhance the boiling heat transfer performance as a coating material. As defective graphene is inevitably produced together with pristine graphene, however, it is more practical to examine the impact of defective graphene. In the current work, a molecular dynamics simulation was adopted to investigate water pool boiling on copper substrate coated with five types of stable defective graphene monolayer. The results show that most of the cases coated with defective graphene have higher initial heat flux and reach equilibrium faster than the pristine graphene−coated case under the isothermal heating condition. Nevertheless, the percentage of pentagon-heptagon defect in the graphene unit cell does not have a clear correlation with its heat transfer performance. In particular, all the graphene coatings enhance the critical heat flux (CHF) value for water boiling by nearly two orders of magnitude, regardless of defectiveness. This is of practical significance to enable graphene thermal management applications.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯涂层表面的水沸腾：分子动力学研究

事实证明，石墨烯具有优异的机械和热性能，它有潜力增强作为涂料的沸腾传热性能。但是，由于不可避免地会与原始石墨烯一起产生缺陷石墨烯，因此研究缺陷石墨烯的影响更为实用。在当前的工作中，采用分子动力学模拟来研究在覆有五种稳定缺陷石墨烯单层的铜基底上的水沸腾情况。结果表明，在等温加热条件下，大多数涂覆有缺陷石墨烯的情况比原始石墨烯涂覆的情况具有更高的初始热通量并更快地达到平衡。然而，石墨烯晶胞中五边形-七边形缺陷的百分率与其传热性能没有明显的相关性。尤其是，所有石墨烯涂层都会将沸腾的临界热通量（CHF）值提高近两个数量级，而与缺陷无关。这对于实现石墨烯热管理应用具有实际意义。