Purpose

This study examines the potential of contracts as one of the supply chain coordination mechanisms under competitive conditions. It also investigates a two-echelon supply chain model with two manufacturers and two retailers to develop a competitive structure in grey stochastic demand.

Design/methodology/approach

Supply chain demand is considered as a stochastic phenomenon depending on the selling price of the product. Also, products can be replaced by market manufacturers. Each retailer faces the pricing of products from two manufacturers, leading to competition between downstream retailers. In the present study, the duopoly supply chain model was presented based on the wholesale price contract, revenue-sharing contract and quantity discount contract separately.

Findings

Grey optimization and analysis of their coordination were presented. The results showed the high performance of revenue-sharing contracts in the supply chain. Thus, manufacturers will give the next priority to quantity discount contracts.

Originality/value

Ordering is the main factor contributing to competitive decision-making. Meanwhile, decision-making along with ordering and pricing will be required due to the nature of the demand.

中文翻译：

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基于灰色收益分享合同的两级供应链协调与竞争

目的

本研究考察了合同作为竞争条件下供应链协调机制之一的潜力。它还研究了具有两个制造商和两个零售商的两级供应链模型，以在灰色随机需求中开发竞争结构。

设计/方法/方法

供应链需求被认为是一种取决于产品售价的随机现象。此外，产品可以由市场制造商替代。每个零售商面临来自两个制造商的产品定价，导致下游零售商之间的竞争。本研究分别基于批发价格合同、收益分成合同和数量折扣合同提出双头垄断供应链模型。

发现

对它们的协调进行了灰色优化和分析。结果表明，供应链中收益分享合同的绩效很高。因此，制造商将优先考虑数量折扣合同。

原创性/价值

订购是促成竞争决策的主要因素。同时，由于需求的性质，将需要做出决策以及订购和定价。