Introductory lecture: air quality in megacities,Faraday Discussions

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Introductory lecture: air quality in megacities
Faraday Discussions ( IF 3.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-30 , DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00123f
Luisa T. Molina _{1,

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Affiliation

Urbanization is an ongoing global phenomenon as more and more people are moving from rural to urban areas for better employment opportunities and a higher standard of living, leading to the growth of megacities, broadly defined as urban agglomeration with more than 10 million inhabitants. Intense activities in megacities induce high levels of air pollutants in the atmosphere that harm human health, cause regional haze and acid deposition, damage crops, influence air quality in regions far from the megacity sources, and contribute to climate change. Since the Great London Smog and the first recognized episode of Los Angeles photochemical smog seventy years ago, substantial progress has been made in improving the scientific understanding of air pollution and in developing emissions reduction technologies. However, much remains to be understood about the complex processes of atmospheric oxidation mechanisms; the formation and evolution of secondary particles, especially those containing organic species; and the influence of emerging emissions sources and changing climate on air quality and health. While air quality has substantially improved in megacities in developed regions and some in the developing regions, many still suffer from severe air pollution. Strong regional and international collaboration in data collection and assessment will be beneficial in strengthening the capacity. This article provides an overview of the sources of emissions in megacities, atmospheric physicochemical processes, air quality trends and management in a few megacities, and the impacts on health and climate. The challenges and opportunities facing megacities due to lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic is also discussed.

中文翻译：

入门讲座：特大城市的空气质量

城市化是一个持续的全球现象，越来越多的人为了获得更好的就业机会和更高的生活水平而从农村转移到城市地区，从而导致了特大城市的发展，大城市的定义是拥有超过1000万居民的城市群。特大城市中的强烈活动在大气中诱发了高水平的空气污染物，这些污染物危害人类健康，引起区域性霾和酸沉降，损害作物，影响远离特大城市的地区的空气质量，并导致气候变化。自从70年前的“伦敦大烟雾”和第一个公认的洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件以来，在提高对空气污染的科学认识和开发减排技术方面已经取得了实质性进展。然而，关于大气氧化机理的复杂过程，还有很多尚待理解；次生颗粒的形成和演化，特别是那些含有机种的颗粒；以及新兴排放源和气候变化对空气质量和健康的影响。在发达地区和一些发展中地区的大城市中，空气质量已大大改善，但许多城市仍遭受严重的空气污染。在数据收集和评估方面进行强有力的区域和国际合作将有利于加强能力。本文概述了特大城市的排放源，大气物理化学过程，少数几个特大城市的空气质量趋势和管理以及对健康和气候的影响。

更新日期：2020-12-09

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