Selective transformation of one-carbon (C1) molecules, which are abundant or easily available and inexpensive carbon feedstocks, into value-added multi-carbon (C₂₊) compounds is a very attractive but highly challenging research target. Photocatalysis and electrocatalysis have offered great opportunities for the activation and controllable C–C coupling of C1 molecules under mild and environmentally benign conditions. This article provides a critical review on recent advances in photocatalytic and electrocatalytic conversions of major C1 molecules, including CO, CO₂, CH₄, CH₃OH and HCHO, into C₂₊ compounds, such as C₂H₄, C₃H₆, ethanol and ethylene glycol, which play essential roles in the current chemical or energy industry. Besides the photocatalysts and electrocatalysts reported for these conversions, the structure–performance relationships and the key factors that control the activity and product selectivity are analysed to provide insights into the rational design of more efficient catalysts for the synthesis of C₂₊ compounds from C1 feedstocks. The active species, reaction intermediates and reaction or catalyst-functioning mechanism are discussed to deepen the understanding of the chemistry for the activation and selective C–C coupling of C1 molecules in the presence of solar energy or electrical energy.

中文翻译：

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涉及CC耦合的C1分子的光催化和电催化转化

将大量或容易获得的廉价碳原料的一碳（C1）分子选择性转化为增值多碳（C ₂₊）化合物是一个非常有吸引力但极具挑战性的研究目标。光催化和电催化为在温和和环境良好的条件下活化和控制C1分子的C–C耦合提供了巨大的机会。本文对主要C1分子（包括CO，CO ₂，CH ₄，CH ₃ OH和HCHO）的光催化和电催化转化为C ₂₊化合物（例如C ₂ H ₄，C ₃ H）的最新进展进行了严格的评论。₆，乙醇和乙二醇，它们在当前的化学或能源工业中起着至关重要的作用。除了报告的用于这些转化的光催化剂和电催化剂以外，还分析了结构与性能之间的关系以及控制活性和产物选择性的关键因素，从而为从C1原料合成C ₂₊化合物的更高效催化剂的合理设计提供了见识。。讨论了活性物质，反应中间体和反应或催化剂的作用机理，以加深对在太阳能或电能存在下C1分子活化和选择性C–C偶联的化学认识。